Carp breeding: features of growing at home

Features, advantages and disadvantages of carp breeding

Fish farming, including carp, has its own risks, positive aspects and characteristic situations. The undoubted advantages of carp farming include:

• no need for a deep reservoir;
• rapid growth of carp;
• unpretentiousness to living conditions;
• carp is omnivorous, which makes feeding easier;
• tasty fish meat with a small number of bones;
• high consumer demand.

There are also difficulties in keeping carp:

• the fish begins to get sick if there is a lot of it in the reservoir;
• The initial investment of money will be justified only after 1-2 years, when the fry matures and gains weight.

A special feature of carp is their heat-loving nature: representatives of this species feed normally and reproduce only in well-heated water. Therefore, the reservoir for them should be located half in the sun and half in the shade, so that the fish are not cold, but have the opportunity to get away from the scorching rays.

Benefits of carp farming

Growing carp is not a difficult, but profitable business.

It is worth noting that this fish is valued only in Eastern Europe and Asia. But in Western Europe, the USA and Australia it is bred only for the purpose of fishing. It is rarely eaten as it is considered not particularly tasty.

This fish has a number of advantages over other freshwater fish. It is characterized by rapid growth rates, excellent taste of meat, good survival and fertility, and ease of care. Meat contains 16% proteins and 15% fats. One of the main advantages of carp is the small number of bones. The meat yield is about 47%. It is absorbed by the human body by 92–93%.

To keep carp you do not need a deep reservoir; a small pond or pool is enough. This fish eats any food, so there will be no difficulties with choosing and purchasing food.

Carp is popular in cooking, which means there is a stable consumer demand for it.

Description of fish and selection of the best breed

Carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a freshwater fish of the carp family, genus Carp. Distributed in the temperate latitudes of Russia, Ukraine, Moldova and Southeast Asia, which is the homeland of the family. There are 27 species of the carp genus.

Semi-wild carp are called carp. This fish is a long-liver and can grow up to 50 years. For cultivation in artificially created conditions, the following are usually chosen:

• Mirror carp . They are capable of reaching particularly large sizes - up to 1 meter in length and more than 50 kilograms of weight. Such giants are rare, but from these data one can judge the average size of mirror carp. Representatives of this species gain weight exclusively in warm water. Among mirror carps, a distinction is made between linear and framed.
• Naked carp . It is named so for a reason - its body is not covered with scales. Of all food species, it is the most demanding in terms of conditions.
• Scaly carp (common) . The most unpretentious carp, this is usually where commercial breeding begins.

Mirror carp

naked carp

Scaly (common) carp

In Japan, koi carp is very popular, but it is valued for its decorative scales, colored with black, red and orange spots in unpredictable combinations. Koi are released into garden ponds or large fountains.

Choosing a growing location

Carp can live safely in different bodies of water: both in a lake and in a river. But fish farms usually use artificial ponds. In recent years, convenient swimming pools have been created for home fish breeding. The main thing is to properly arrange the bottom and saturate the water with oxygen. The location for the reservoir should be chosen as far as possible from sources of noise and not in a low-lying area where dirty water can flow during rainfalls and floods.

Pond

Some people already have their own pond on their farm. In this case, its condition is assessed according to the requirements for carp keeping. When digging a new reservoir, the following rules are taken into account:

• Depth no more than 3 meters. Carps love warmth, and the sun does not warm up well in depth.
• Width and length – 3x3 meters.
• It is necessary to plant vegetation near the shore to keep the soil from sliding into the pond, and trees will also create the shade required on hot days.
• It is recommended to fill the bottom with sand, then fill it with concrete, stretch a rubber film over it, and then run water.
• The water needs to be populated with microorganisms and algae. The easiest way is to bring a couple of buckets from a natural fresh water body. In a few months the pond itself will be filled with life. The second option is to purchase and sow algae.
• Fish should only be allowed in when the water temperature is above 24 degrees Celsius.

Protect the pond from birds! They carry pathogens and viruses.

Pool

It is much more convenient to breed carp in a pool, because it is much easier to monitor the condition of the fish, create comfortable conditions, and maintain the purity of the water.

The pool can be purchased or filled on site yourself. At this time, silo pools with vertical water supply are the most popular. The material from which the container is made is not significant. The optimal depth is 1.5 meters.

Before releasing the fish, just like a pond, the pool must be populated with microorganisms. The methods are the same - water from a natural pond, or sowing.

The main thing is to maintain oxygen saturation of the water in the pool.

Read more about how to grow fish in a pool here.

Carp growing technology

You should start growing carp by purchasing fry. It is recommended to buy them from those who have been successfully breeding fish for many years. Immediately before purchasing, you need to make sure that the seller of the fry has all the necessary certificates and licenses.

Fish farming conditions play a key role. If a fish cannot get everything it needs to live, sooner or later it will die. Carp are bred in a variety of conditions. In order for the fish to be comfortable enough to reproduce, you should choose either a pond, a pool, or a small lake for the carp.

The bottom needs to be equipped with clay or film. The optimal material for the bottom is brick. You can also use concrete. Great attention should be paid to the arrangement of the bottom. Otherwise, the fish will not be comfortable enough. Carp fry may even die.

It is necessary to pay attention to the water supply, as well as the water filtration system. It is necessary to ensure that the reservoir has both mechanical and biological treatment. Only two-stage filtration can cope with both tasks.

Such a system will become a reliable means of protection against food residues and any other organic waste. If you do not solve the problems with water purification in the reservoir, then in the very near future you may face the problem of eutrophication.

Carps in the pond

In order for the carp to feel comfortable, the depth of the pond should not be less than 1.5 m. However, the pond should not be made too deep either. Otherwise, the water in it will be too cold, and carps prefer fairly warm water.

The volume of the pond is approximately 8 tons. In this case, its size will reach approximately 3 by 3 m (the minimum size of the pond). In order to avoid water leakage directly from the reservoir, you should equip it with butyl rubber film. Then you won’t have to worry about the fact that over time there will be much less water in it.

It is recommended to place the pond in as quiet a part of the dacha site as possible. If you place a pond in an area that is too noisy, the noise may scare the fish. Particular attention should be paid to lighting.

You need to make sure that as much light as possible falls on the pond, and the water temperature should reach at least 24 degrees Celsius. At lower temperatures, the fish will eat less or stop eating altogether and die.

It is not recommended to place the reservoir in a lowland. If you place it in such an unfavorable place, then melt water after rains may get into it. In this case, bacteria may appear in the artificial pond, which will become a serious threat to the health of the fish.

Building a pond is as easy as shelling pears. You need to dig a hole and then fill it with water. Stocking is carried out only after the water has settled. The best time to stock fish is mid-spring. Plants can be planted on the walls of the pond. Vegetation will be needed for eggs. Remember that small ponds should not have too many plants, otherwise the fish will be uncomfortable.

Video:

In a swimming pool

Those who do not want to spend too much time on maintenance should raise fish in a pool. This is much easier, because it is easier to monitor the temperature of the water in the pool. You can also control the frequency of water exchange.

The most popular pools are those made of fiberglass. They will differ in the most suitable parameters. You can choose a pool of any shape. It can be either round, rectangular or square.

The size of the pool for carp should reach no more than 40 cubic meters.

In RAS

The technology of growing fish in special recirculating water supply installations (RAS) deserves special attention. This is a very expensive option, but it is suitable for those who are ready to invest money in their business.

In order to use this technology, you will have to find a room with an area of ​​at least 30 square meters. Small pools should be installed in it, equipped with a circulation and water purification system.

Water circulation will occur in a circle. Since all of the above equipment requires electricity as well as water supply, you will have to spend time finding a room that meets these requirements.

The technology for growing carp in such conditions looks like this: first you need to place the eggs in the pool, after which fry will appear from the eggs. They need to be caught with a net and then placed in another pool specially prepared for them. After this, you should feed them and monitor the temperature, as well as the condition of the water.

In cages

Another popular option is growing carp in cages. The cages should be installed in the reservoir so that there is at least three meters to the bottom. The length of such structures cannot exceed 5 meters, and the diameter cannot exceed 0.5 m.

The cages should not contain more than 200 fry per 1 square meter. m. After the young animals grow up, they need to be transplanted into more spacious structures.

Equipment for carp breeding

The minimum required for carp to live includes proper water and warmth. But there are devices that will make caring for fish easier and help increase the number of offspring:

• cages and cage lines;
• filters for water;
• aeration system;
• compressors;
• oximeter;
• oxygen generator;
• automatic fish feeders;
• barrels and pumps;
• water recycling system;
• incubators for hatching fry from eggs;
• bottom cleaners;
• sterilizers;
• instruments for testing water composition;
• backlight

Conditions for keeping adult fish

To care for fish comfortably, you will need a certain set of devices and equipment. It should include:

• filters that purify water;
• aerators providing oxygen saturation;
• compressors;
• fish cages;
• automatic feeders;
• lighting;
• oximeters for measuring oxygen levels;
• water replacement pumps;
• water recycling system;
• devices used to carry out water tests;
• bottom cleaners;
• incubators in which fry are hatched.

Carp require a certain microclimate. The ideal water temperature for normal growth, development and reproduction is from +22°C to +30°C. Violation of these indicators leads to fish death. It is possible to regulate the water temperature through regular replacement.

The optimal oxygen level is 4–5 mg/l, acidity is 7–8 pH. At low pH levels, fish experience metabolic disorders. Higher acidity is detrimental to carp.

As for the peculiarities of keeping fish in winter, if they live in a pond, then after covering the reservoir with ice, it is necessary to make holes for oxygen, cover it with snow or insulate it in other ways. It is ideal if the pond is equipped with special devices that will saturate the water with oxygen and maintain the temperature at 0°C.

When raising carp in a tank indoors in winter, they need to be fed less.

In order for spawning to proceed safely, you will need 2 pools: one for throwing eggs (dimensions 3x3x1.5 m), the other for rearing larvae (dimensions 4x4x1.5 m). In March, two males are placed in the spawning pool during the daytime, and one female is placed in the late afternoon. In order for the female to have a place to spawn, it is necessary to plant vegetation and smooth stones at the bottom of the container.

Conditions of detention

Common carp is one of the most unpretentious fish. But, like any other living creature, it needs conditions in which the fish will be comfortable so that it can grow and reproduce.

Water and its oxygen content

Ideally, you need to create an imitation of running water in a reservoir, but with a low flow speed. To do this, two pipes are installed: from the pond/pool and into it. One, smaller in diameter, will introduce clean water, thanks to a filter with a pump, the other will release it. You can take water from a clean river, stream, or well. It must be drained into the sewer. There should also be a filter on the drain to prevent fish from getting through.

Water from the central water supply is not suitable, as it has been chlorinated and contains a lot of salts.

The oxygen content should not fall below 3 milligrams per liter. This parameter is determined using a special device - an oximeter. To increase the gas content, oxygen generators, aerators or compressors are used. They sink to the bottom and release oxygen into the water. Reduces its level by contamination of the bottom with fish excrement and rotting plants.

Temperature

In the warm season, the water warms up on its own. But you need to monitor the temperature. It should not fall below +22 degrees and rise above +30 Celsius. Thermal processes are regulated by draining and supplying fresh water.

How to breed carp?

Having prepared the reservoir and equipped it with the necessary equipment, you can start fishing directly. Step one is to decide on the type of carp.

It is recommended to take a species characteristic of the region where the fishery is being created.

Purchase of fry

It is safest to purchase fry from those who already successfully breed carp. At the same time, you can look at the life of a fish farm and make sure the fish are healthy. Before purchasing, you should familiarize yourself with the licenses and certificates of the seller.

An order for fry can be made from another region and delivered in a special way in tanks, buckets, or cans. They are filled either with water from a pond or rainwater.

When to put fish in a pond

The ideal period for launching fry into the water is the end of April - beginning of May. But the water should warm up to +22-24 degrees Celsius, which means artificial heating may be required.

Methods of carp breeding

Carps are able to live well in natural and artificial reservoirs, as well as in swimming pools. For successful fish farming it is necessary to create favorable conditions.

In the pond

The following requirements are put forward for a reservoir used for carp breeding:

• depth, width and length of at least 3 m;
• the presence of vegetation along the banks that creates shade during the hottest hours;
• absence of waterfowl, which are carriers of pathogens.

If the pond is created artificially, then its bottom must be filled with sand, concreted, and a rubber film laid on top. Water released into a reservoir must be populated with microorganisms and algae. Inoculation can be done by pouring several buckets from a natural water source or purchasing and planting algae.

In a swimming pool

A more expensive, but also convenient place for carp breeding is a swimming pool. With this method of keeping fish, it is easier to monitor their growth, development and health status and control the microclimate.

The pool is equipped independently or purchased ready-made. The most popular today are silo pools, in which water is supplied vertically. The recommended depth for the pool is 1–1.5 m, dimensions are 15–150 m³. The water in it also needs to be heated, saturated with oxygen, populated with algae and organic matter.

How and what to feed carp?

Carp feed only in warm water twice a day. It is better to feed in the morning, as soon as the sun's rays warm the water, and in the evening before sunset. But these recommendations do not apply to all methods of feeding carp - there are 3 of them:

1. Extensive type . The pond is populated with natural flora and fauna (not including other fish). Carp feed completely on their own. By choosing this method, you can guarantee environmentally friendly fish meat, but the carp will gain weight slowly.
2. Intensive type. Feeding is done with artificial feed for pigs or poultry with a protein content of at least 30%. The fish will quickly gain weight. But the taste of the carp will deteriorate, and the pond will have to be frequently cleaned of food residues.
3. Semi-intensive type . The golden mean in feeding carp. The fish feeds on the natural population of the reservoir and receives complementary food. They can be bread, oats, corn, wheat, maggots, larvae, bloodworms, earthworms, legumes.

A nutritious diet will turn a fry into an adult fish weighing half a kilogram in 9 months.

Carp breeding scheme

After careful preparation of the reservoir, they begin to purchase the fry. The safest option is to turn to farmers who successfully farm fish. They usually provide certificates and licenses that confirm the quality of live products. At the same time, when purchasing a fry, you can observe how the “delicious” fish lives in captivity.

Now let's figure out when is the best time to introduce carp into the pond. Experts advise doing this at the end of April or beginning of May. Of course, you need to focus on weather conditions. The main criterion is the water temperature. It should warm up to at least 24°C.

If necessary, the required temperature is created artificially using electrical devices.

Balanced diet

Although carp is considered an unpretentious fish, it feeds only in fairly warm water. His “breakfast” begins after the sun warms the water, and dinner ends before sunset.

There are several ways to feed animals:

• extensive;
• intensive
• semi-intensive.

In the first option, the reservoir is populated with natural fauna and flora. In such conditions, the fish feeds on its own, so it gains weight very slowly. The intensive method involves the use of combined feeds. Thanks to this, the carp quickly gets fat. However, the pond or pool must be cleaned frequently to remove food debris. The golden mean is considered to be a semi-intensive method of feeding. It allows the fish to eat natural ingredients, as well as receive supplements from humans. Let’s find out more specifically what carp eat in a home pond in order to grow a high-quality “product.”

As a rule, fish like to eat:

• worms;
• larvae of various insects;
• steamed cereals;
• rye bread.

If necessary, it is fed with special mixtures that are given to chickens and pigs. Food is served 2 times a day, morning and evening.

To keep the reservoir clean, food is placed in a special tray with a tray. It is carefully immersed in water, and when it is empty, it is taken out.

How quickly does carp grow in a pond with this feeding technology? Observations show that within 9 months the fry become large individuals. Often their weight reaches 0.5 kg.

Nuances of winter maintenance

In their natural environment, fish tolerate low water temperatures wonderfully. However, in artificial reservoirs it may suffer from a lack of oxygen. To avoid this, farmers organize special conditions for wintering carp in their home pond. The livestock is caught from the reservoir and placed in a separate tank. An oxygen generator is installed in it, and the required temperature is maintained (0°C). In the spring, when the water warms up well, the fish are returned to their original place.

Considering the technology of how to grow carp in a pond will help novice farmers get down to business with confidence. It consists of financial calculations and preparation of the reservoir. You will also need to purchase the necessary equipment, food and, of course, fry. The reward for your efforts will be a delicious fish dinner and a replenishment of the family budget.

Reproduction

It is advisable to make a separate pond for carp for spawning and place adult healthy individuals there. There should be twice as many males as females.

The females lay their eggs in moss or turf placed in advance on the bottom. The eggs remain there until hatching, which occurs after about a week. When this happens, the adults need to be returned, the water drained, and the “young animals” must be collected with a net with small cells and placed in a separate pond. Otherwise, there is a high probability that the fry will be eaten by adults.

The diet of fry is the same as that of adult fish. It may also include milk powder. In winter, teenagers will have to be taken to a home pool or aquarium.

Spawning of carp begins at the same time as the flowering of wheat.

Business payback

When investing energy and resources into a business, you need to assume what will come out of it. The main disadvantage of carp breeding is the large financial investment at the initial stage. But rarely does any business get by without initial capital.

Expenses

The main expense item is the reservoir. Creating a pond, conditions for its aeration and cleaning can cost a large sum - approximately 100 thousand rubles.

It can be reduced if you do not create a pond from scratch, or buy a pool and rent it. It is cheaper to equip an existing reservoir.

The average price for carp fry is 5 rubles per piece. It will take 600 fry to fill the pond. The total purchase will cost 3 thousand rubles.

Feed, depending on the type of feeding chosen, will require costs from 1 to 6 thousand rubles per year.

Profit and profitability

In good conditions, carp can be sold by the end of the year. The average price for it is 70 rubles per kilogram. This means, provided that all the fry survived and grew up, they will be sold for 42 thousand rubles.

Selling live carp will be even more expensive (about 100 rubles per kilogram). There is no point in selling all the fish. But the sale of even half of the adult fish will recoup the costs of carp breeding.

You can learn how to choose, where to buy carp fry, and how to introduce them into your pond by watching this video:

Fish farming is a fascinating and profitable activity. The main troubles in carp breeding are related to the creation of a suitable reservoir, systems for supplying and purifying water, and enriching it with oxygen. By creating favorable conditions, you can build a successful business.

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Feeding carp

The fish begin to be fed at a temperature of 20-22 ° C at the age of about 4 days, when the swim bladder is already filled with air.

The food initially consists of ciliates obtained from hay infusion and microplankton, which, as a precaution, is passed through a mixer. Then they give larger plankton and, finally, dry food of the finest granulation. Particularly good results are obtained when feeding Artemia salina. With plenty of food, the fish reach a length of about 10 mm after 12 days, and 12-15 mm after 15 days. With this length they can be planted in fry ponds.

In order to satisfy the need for essential amino acids, they are fed with animal protein, which is available in granular feed. This food is not given for feeding all year round, but periodically when there is a deficiency of essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. In other cases, feed of plant origin is given: rye, barley, wheat, corn, lupine, soybean meal, potatoes, brewer's grains. Other agricultural feeds can also be given as top dressing. Feeding makes it possible to obtain the highest fish productivity from useful areas. However, herbal supplements alone, even in large doses, can hardly be considered complete food. Therefore, in order to make these feeds high-quality, it is necessary to add about 50% components of animal origin (meat, blood, fish meal).

Feed ratio

. Each type of feed has its own feed coefficient. This is a number indicating how many units of feed should be given to obtain one unit of weight gain in the fish.

Thus, the feed coefficient of grain is 4-5, i.e., in order to get 1 kg of carp weight gain, you need to feed it 4-5 kg ​​of grain. The feed ratios of corn, lupine, and soybean meal are 4, potatoes are 7-9, and brewer's grains are 20-25. But the feed coefficient does not give a complete picture of the value of this component. For example, brewer's grains, which have insignificant nutritional qualities, are of greater advantage to carp than other types of feed. With its help, carp can be lured to any feeding area.

The numbers that determine the feed ratio are absolute numbers and indicate the increase obtained as a result of feeding. The amount of growth depends not only on the feeding received, but on the natural fish productivity, which can be doubled by applying fertilizers. This increase is called gain due to fertilizers.

Growth due to feeding

. When fed under optimal conditions, the total growth consists of natural growth, growth due to fertilizers and feeding (1/3 each).

In order to plan feed growth and in order to save feed, it is necessary to know the natural growth in each pond. However, such an increase is not always known. Average data can only be obtained after many years of operation of the pond without fertilizers. Therefore, using the absolute feed ratio it is difficult to get an idea of ​​​​the profitability of feeding. For this reason, they use not an absolute, but a relative feed coefficient, which is based on the total growth and is calculated by the amount of feed used. Accordingly, under optimal conditions it is 1/3 of the absolute coefficient. Thus, an absolute coefficient of 4.5 corresponds to a relative coefficient of 1.5. At this value, we can assume that optimal amounts of feed were fed under optimal conditions. If the relative grain ratio is 2, then the proposed one was incorrectly used, i.e., either a lot of feed was fed, or, since the fertilizer had not yet been fully applied, the feed supply in the pond was insufficient. For lupine, corn and soybean meal, the relative ratio should be 1.3.

Just like natural productivity, the feed ratio is not a constant value. Natural growth can be increased by tillage, and the feed ratio varies depending on the development of the natural food supply and the density of fish stocking. With the usual currently accepted cultural and technical measures, the optimal planting should be equal to 600 two-year-old carp (each weighing 250 g) per 1 hectare of pond area. Under these conditions, the absolute feed ratio for grain is no longer 4.5, but about 3.2-3.3. In practice, this means that when obtaining 1 kg of growth, about 1 kg of additional feeding was saved, and also that the relative feed coefficient of grain is 1.1.

Feed consumption

. The need for feed is determined by the number of animals in the pond. With a stocking density of 600 two-year-old carp weighing 250 g each and when growing fish to a marketable weight of 1250 g, a weight gain of 1000 g is required. The growth of fish due to feeding is equal to 7 times the total increase, i.e. 330 g. Feed consumption at an absolute feed coefficient of 3. 3 is 1.089 kg, or rounded 1.1 kg per carp. When planting 600 pcs. per 1 hectare they should be fed 660 kg of grain. With a tighter fit, this number increases accordingly. It should be taken into account that at high planting densities, rotting processes begin in water. Thus, high planting densities and intensive feeding should only be used where it is possible to renew pond water. Even with the addition of biocatalysts, pond water cannot be kept sufficiently clean for long periods of time.

Time and place of feeding

. The palatability of food by carp and its absorption depend on the water temperature. It is advisable to start feeding at a water temperature of 16° C, although sometimes carp do not stop feeding even at 12° C. Feed rations at the beginning, when the water is still cool (in June), should be small. They increase with increasing temperature. Therefore, the main half of the feed is planned for the hottest months - July and August. In September, the diet should decrease again. This is a general guideline.

In reality, the required amount of feed is determined depending on the weather conditions in a given season. So, if May and June are very warm and the water warms up quite well, feed rations are increased, and in cool July and August they are reduced. If September turns out to be warm, then by increasing feeding, they make up for what was lost in growth during the cool summer. Even in October, if it is warm, with appropriate feeding you can get an increase in fish.

In order to determine the palatability of feed, constant monitoring is carried out in feeding areas. Feeding places are marked with certain marks, for example, posts are hammered in, around which food is poured. Feed is brought in again only when no reserves are found at the feeding site. Samples at the feeding site are carefully taken with a shovel or a strongly curved metal plate. In addition, feeding tables are constructed, which are platforms made of boards, the edges of which are limited by bars 5 cm high so that the food does not roll off. Using a simple lifting device, the tables are either raised to the surface or submerged to depth as needed.

The feed will be better used if it is added frequently and in small portions. Therefore, daily feeding has an advantage over weekly feeding; multiple daily feeding is better than single feeding. Naturally, all this requires a significant amount of time, which is why feed automatic machines are used.

In carp ponds, 3 types of automatic machines are used: “Kalkwelle”, “Karpomat” and “Oberpfalz”, which operate without an electric drive or fuel. The fish “serve” the “Kalkwelle” machine themselves by hitting a stick hanging in the water, which is motionlessly connected to a horizontal plate. This plate covers the food reservoir. The shutter rises when the fish hits the stick and the food falls out. The fish instantly grabs him. The stick is often too thin, and the carp, hitting it hard, breaks it. Therefore, the end of the stick is covered with a piece of foam plastic, which makes it rougher and easier to hit.

The Karpomat feeding apparatus was first used in pond farms in Hungary. Its device is as follows. One cone is contained within another truncated cone. The distance between them is made sufficient so that the feed in the tank (the machine stands in water to the bottom edge) falls onto the feeding table under the pressure of the swollen mass of grain. As the food is eaten from the table, a new portion comes out of the machine.

The Oberpfalz feeding machine is based on a principle developed at the Federal Institute for Water and Fishery Research in Scharfling-Mondsee. It is a flat box, the bottom of which serves as a conveyor, which is driven by a clock mechanism and operates continuously for 12 hours. When the conveyor belt moves, the feed falls into the water. The box can be supported on racks or floats. "Oberpfalz" is only suitable for introducing small portions of feed.

While the Kalkwelle and Oberpfalz machines can be used to feed briquetted feed, the Karpomat is not suitable for this, since the briquettes disintegrate in the water and clog the holes, and, in addition, many valuable soluble substances are lost in the water.

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