Fish Ide: description, habitat, fishing, breeding rules

Description of ide fish

The ide can be recognized by its appearance: the length of an adult individual reaches 35-57 cm, and the weight of one fish is 2-2.7 kg. In rare cases, one ide can stretch up to 90 cm in length and weigh as much as 6 kg. The head is short, the body is thick, the mouth is oblique, and small in size. It is important to understand that depending on the habitat, time of year and age, the parameters may vary slightly.

In the spring, when spawning begins, the body of the ide has a metallic sheen, its cheeks and head appear golden. When turned towards sunlight, the color shimmers and becomes golden, silver, or dark. The back is dark blue, the sides are white, and the belly has a silver tint. The fins located on the tail and back, and the lower and side fins are red. The eyes are yellow-green with a dark spot on top.

In fry, the tone is lighter and more silvery, the fins are paler in comparison with adult fish.

During the mating period, small white grains appear on the head and body of males, which disappear after spawning. The more of these grains, the more productive the male is, and they themselves differ from females in these characteristics.

Where

Spawning occurs within the flock, and within this group, as a rule, there are twice as many males as females. Places for spawning of ide are shallow, up to about one meter. These can be riffles on rivers with pebble and rocky soil, bank dumps or near sunken tree trunks. Mating games of ides are accompanied by the sound of splashing water, active movements of fish near the surface and even small jumps. All this can happen at night or during the morning and evening dawns.

The caviar of ides is small, yellow in color, and sticks well to both natural underwater objects and artificial ones. These can be flooded bushes of last year's vegetation, snags, roots, various stones and piles.

Lifestyle

Yazi always hunt in groups, grouped by age; the older the river inhabitant, the smaller their numbers. Large fish like to live alone, grouping only in the winter months, as well as during spawning. Yazzies tolerate water salinity up to 10 grams per liter well, so they can be found in rivers and not very salty seas.

On the territory of Russia, both amateurs and sport fishermen prefer to catch large fish. As for ide, the length of a good fish does not exceed 29 cm; if a smaller fish is hooked, it is immediately released into the river.

Yazis can live as long as 10 or even 15 years. If it lives in a place inaccessible to people, where it is possible to eat good food, then the fish lives up to 20 years.

Habitats

Ide is an inhabitant of freshwater bodies, but is found in sea bays, where there is a large concentration of semi-fresh water. Fish are characterized by increased sensitivity to the oxygen content in water, so ide does not live in mountain rivers. The same thing is observed in closed ponds and shallow lakes, where there is an inherent deficiency of oxygen in the reservoir.

The favorite habitats of ide are at medium depths, in the presence of a moderate current, with sandy-pebbly or leafy gristly soil. It can also be found on clean ground, in places located among aquatic vegetation. In snagged corners, but without a muddy bottom.

They do not disdain ides and are happy to visit places below rifts, quiet water after bridge supports, barges, piers, and trees fallen in the water. They willingly visit pools with a weak circular current, the boundaries of strong and weak currents. It is not uncommon to locate after rainy weather in muddy water, at the mouth of a river or stream.

If the size of the river is small, then the ide floats immediately near the steep bank, under the branches of a bush or tree hanging over the water. To search for food, the fish rises to shallow riffles and shoals located near rapids and holes. With massive spawning in the summer, ide feeding occurs at the very surface of the water.

Large individuals live alone, smaller fish tend to cluster in small groups, and in winter they all gather in one place, regardless of age. On frosty winter days, ide stays in deep, snag-filled holes, this helps it survive harsh weather conditions.

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Ecology and living conditions

The ide is a freshwater fish, but can also live in the salty water of the bay. This fish lives in:

• rivers;
• flowing lakes;
• river ponds.

It is impossible to find ide in cold, fast and mountain rivers. Prefers deep rivers with a slow flow, silty and clayey bottom. It lives near bridges, whirlpools, holes below rifts, as well as near the shore where tall bushes grow. According to Sabaneev (a fish specialist), ide is a fairly hardy fish that can easily tolerate temperature changes. These fish do not hibernate in winter.

Spreading

Rice. 1. Distribution area of ​​ide.

Ide is widespread in Eurasia. It is found over a vast territory - from the Rhine to the Lena, its range covers part of Europe, the Urals, Eastern Siberia and most of Western Siberia. Ide is found in the river basins of the Arctic Ocean and the Black Sea, as well as in the northern part of the Caspian basin - in the Volga, Ural, Emba rivers and their tributaries. The most abundant ide is in Siberian rivers, as well as in the Volga basin. There is no ide in southern and southwestern Europe; it is not found in the Crimea, the Caucasus and Transcaucasia.

At one time, ide was brought to North America - to the United States, where it was released into the reservoirs of Connecticut. There it has taken root well and is currently a popular object of amateur fishing.

Habitats

Photo 2. A deep, lowland river with a quiet current and great depths is a typical habitat for ide.

Ide is found in deep rivers and flowing reservoirs. In the first, it prefers flat areas with slow currents and deep places - mainly with a muddy or clay bottom, as well as thickets of underwater plants. It lives in creeks, on deep reaches and in whirlpools, where the current is quiet or completely absent. He does not like mountain rivers with fast and cold water and tries to avoid such places.

Ide is also found in ponds, reservoirs and lakes, especially preferring floodplain reservoirs connected to the river by channels. It can inhabit the estuary bays of seas with brackish water. In small standing reservoirs, ide is not found.

Ide in the Urals

In the Middle Urals, ide is often found in the rivers of the Ob-Irtysh (Tavda, Tura) and Volga-Kama (Ufa) basins, as well as their tributaries. In Chusovaya it is found in the area from the outlet of the Volchikha Reservoir to the Sazhinsky Bridge; downstream the chance of catching it is somewhat less - due to the mountainous nature of the river. In Sylva, the situation with this fish previously was approximately similar, but recently its population has been severely undermined by poaching flourishing on the river.

In large Ural reservoirs, ide is found in Lake Tavatuy (populated artificially), as well as in the Volchikha Reservoir.

What does ide eat in nature?

Ide is a fish that eats everything, it can be both plant and non-plant food. They even like small fish, crayfish and frogs. Semi-carnivorous fish, such as ide, can feed only once a day compared to carnivorous fish, which can go hungry for quite a long time. But if you compare semi-predators with fish that eat only vegetation, you need to eat twice a day; ides only have one snack.

The greatest importance for river inhabitants is food; it depends on precipitation, melting of ice at the end of winter, and the opening of floodgates. When the current intensifies, a lot of plant food comes to the fish, which is enough for all sea and river inhabitants.

During this period, the ide stays on the watercourse, since the main food is found in this place. Lake ides do not depend on floods, but rain is important for life; it not only fills the lake with clean water, but also with food. All ides, regardless of their habitat, feed on neighboring shallows, but do this in the daytime; sometimes they can go hunting at night.

Feeding the fry

The main food for fry are small crayfish, crabs, lobsters and insect larvae. When their length reaches 20 cm, the babies begin to devour small fish, tadpoles, and leeches. In addition, their diet begins to include small algae and other aquatic vegetation.

Ide lifestyle

Young individuals live in flocks, while older individuals prefer solitude.

In summer, the fish tries to stay closer to the shore. In winter, the way of life of the ide, regardless of age, is that the fish gather in schools and survive unfavorable conditions together.

The ide is not only timid and cautious. He has lightning-fast reactions and a highly developed sense of smell. In times of danger, it can jump out of the water.

The ide is unpretentious and feeds on everything it comes across. Most often this is vegetation and various insects living in the water. The ide also eats small crustaceans, frogs or fry of other fish.

Spawning of ides

Sexual maturity of males occurs at 2 years, when their size reaches 25 cm and weighs 250 grams. In the North, sexual maturity occurs 1-2 years later. Spawning of ides occurs faster than others, as soon as the ice melts and the water warms up to 7 degrees.

At this time, the inhabitants are divided into certain groups, each of which contains fish of the same age. Then they swim to the surface of the water and look for a suitable place to mate. If the ides lived in large rivers, then during spawning they swim into small tributaries and swim up to the stones; the depth of the tributary does not exceed 50 cm; last year’s vegetation will serve as a substrate for them.

During the spawning period, males jump to the surface and swim there. In ides it is fleeting and lasts up to three days, and is carried out in 1 step: the old people go first, and the young ones go last. At the end of the spawn, the river inhabitants return to their original places.

During one spawning, one female can lay from 40 to 150 thousand eggs.

After a week, larvae appear and hang motionless for 3 days, glued to stones or vegetation using an adhesive substance produced by cement glands. After which, they peel off, swim and feed on their own, learning to survive on their own. They live in the same place for 3-5 days, and then swim to safe coastal areas.

Yazi that live in the lake during spawning move to nearby river mouths or to shallow waters where there are reed thickets. At the end of spawning, they go to depth, and after 3 days they emerge and actively feed, making up for lost calories.

What gear to prefer

To fish with this method, you will need a cruise fishing rod 4-6 m long, the so-called. "Bolonka." The length depends on the distance at which we intend to fish.

• In order to organize comfortable fishing, in most cases a five-meter fishing rod will be enough for us.
• A small reel (at least class 2000) with a spool of 0.18 line, preferably a clear color.
• A leash made of fishing line 0.16 cm (or 0.14 if the water is clear) with a length of 40 to 60 cm.

The hook is best made from thick wire, select the size of the bait: 12/14 white worms, 2/10 semolina, 10/8 canned corn (the difference in sizes depends on the models of individual companies), select the bait so that the bait looks tempting, and the fisherman the hook was not clearly visible.

A long landing net with a deep basket (3 m or more) is useful for quick selection away from the shore, where it often breaks, and also for not overloading a long fishing rod.

A fixed float weighing from 2 g to 5 g with an antenna that we can clearly see and which in turn will hold the bait, signaling a bite.

Fishing for ide

Sports and amateur fishermen are showing increased interest in catching ide, because this fish is large in size and contains many useful substances. You can catch this type of fish all year round. The meat of this fish is very tasty and healthy, it also contains all the vitamins and microelements, as well as protein necessary for the proper development of the whole organism.

Fishing methods

The ide is caught on various fishing rods; what to catch the ide with and with what, the person decides for himself. It also depends on the season when fishing takes place.

All fishing rods are suitable for catching ides; the most effective ones are listed below:

• fly float;
• wire fishing rod;
• Bolognese tackle;
• match fishing rod;
• donka;
• feeder;
• live bait fishing rod;
• fly fishing tackle;
• bombard;
• spinning.

In winter, special gear is needed to catch an omnivorous semi-predator:

• nod;
• a fishing rod with a float, which must be kept exclusively under water at all times so that the float does not freeze to the ice.

It is impossible to say when the season for catching fish such as ide opens, because it can be caught in any season (avoiding only the spawning period). It may not bite only in severe frosts, but with minimal warming it immediately begins to please the fisherman with an active bite.

The highest feeding activity occurs 5 days after the end of spawning and when autumn cold snaps begin. But in the autumn the zhor is somewhat weaker than at the end of spawning, but lasts for as long as 3 weeks.

Baits and lures

The mouth of this type of fish is small, therefore the baits should be small from number 0 to 2, and the length of the spoon does not exceed 4 cm. As for the hooks, their size should be a maximum of 5. The ide is a shy and cautious fish, so you need to fish silently , and it is advisable to disguise yourself. For the tackle, a transparent fishing line is suitable, the diameter of which should be 0.22 mm, and the leashes should be 0.18 mm.

If fishing is done using a float, the following baits are used:

• grasshopper;
• caddisfly;
• muckworm;
• maggot;
• dragonfly;
• mole cricket;
• Chafer;
• bark beetle;
• mayfly;
• reed shoots;
• fry;
• wobblers;
• jig with a piece of fish;
• peas;
• dough;
• semolina;
• insect larvae;
• worms;
• bloodworm.

Plant-based baits can also be used to catch ide: dried canned peas, corn, semolina, bread, etc.

To catch ides, you can use a simple bait, but always with a scent:

• vanilla;
• sunflower oil;
• birch branches.

This bait can be made at home from bread with the addition of clay. The bite is confident and at the same time fast, so the fisherman should always be on the hook. Fishing with a spinning rod is quite effective.

As for vegetation, the best recommended algae is mulberry, especially when fishing for wiring. Starting from the month of May, this bait performs better than anyone else in its fishing, and not only on ide, but also on:

• rudd;
• roach;
• ruff;
• crucian carp

For bait, shoots no longer than 10 cm are suitable; a strand of algae is woven around the hook and tied, leaving a little strand to hang down.

Such algae can be found on stones at a depth of 30 cm, as well as on driftwood and concrete structures (bridges, piers, slipways).

For bottom gear they use live bait from small fish: dace, bleak, gudgeon and small toads. The ide is a picky fish, it picks at its food, but it never refuses bark beetles (larvae) and dragonflies.

In the video below, a fisherman catches an ide with a homemade spoon and tells how you can catch fish, with what and in what places:

The ide seems lazy and slow-moving, but when free it offers stronger resistance than many other fish. As soon as the ide is hooked, it begins to wriggle, wriggle, and jumps out of the water. Often he manages to get rid of bondage by cutting the fishing line with his sharp fin.

Useful properties of ide

1. Basically, this fish can be boiled, fried, or baked. It is used to make canned food and is also used for filling pies at home. Ide is very tasty when it is salted or smoked.
2. Ide meat is highly digestible - 99% proteins with a unique ratio of amino acids benefit the heart and other organs.
3. Ide is very useful for stomach diseases, including peptic ulcers.
4. For children who have a poor appetite, it is recommended to prepare soups, fish soup and aspic from ide - they stimulate digestion.
5. Boiled ide is useful for low acidity of gastric juice.
6. The high content of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D strengthens the skeleton and teeth.
7. It is very useful to use fish to prepare baby food. But keep in mind that you may be allergic to fish. In this case, it is not recommended to feed children fish until they are one year old. The fish menu should be introduced gradually, starting with a teaspoon, while paying special attention to the child’s reaction. If it is well absorbed by the body, the volume of consumption can be increased. Be sure to pass the fish meat through a blender so that there are no bones.

Fish value

Ide has an excellent taste of meat, so it is very popular in cooking. There is only one drawback - it is excessive bonyness, which can be eliminated using several methods:

1. Marinate the fish for a long time in a vinegar solution for 24 hours.
2. The meat is passed through a meat grinder and cutlets or meatballs are formed.
3. Making canned food in vegetable oil, in which case the fish is stewed for a long time until the bones are completely softened.

Ide meat has a color ranging from white to yellowish. A wide variety of dishes are prepared from ide; it can be:

• stew;
• cook;
• fry;
• bake;
• pickle;
• marinate;
• dry;
• dry;
• preserve;
• make filling for pies.

Ide cannot be stored unprocessed for a long time, since the meat quickly deteriorates and its taste deteriorates. After fishing, it is advisable to immediately clean and gut the fish. Raw meat can be stored in the refrigerator for no longer than a day.

Nutritional value per 100 grams of product is indicated in the table.

Fish meat contains many vitamins, micro and macroelements, protein, and fatty acids necessary for humans. The ide protein contains the following amino acids:

• taurine;
• lysine;
• tryptophan;
• methionine

Ide has a low calorie content, so even nutritionists value the meat and include it in the menu of many diets. In addition, there are additional useful properties:

• The presence of high amounts of fluoride and calcium, which strengthen bones, hair, teeth, and also prevents problems of the musculoskeletal system.
• Extractive substances have choleretic properties, so they stimulate the digestive tract, improve appetite and prevent gastrointestinal problems.
• Many vitamins strengthen human organs and the immune system.
• Since meat contains plenty of vitamin B, regular consumption will reduce nervous tension, aggressiveness and overexcitement.
• Nutrients normalize blood circulation, reduce cholesterol levels, increase vascular tone and prevent Parkinson's disease.

Benefits of ide

Looking at the composition of ide, it immediately becomes clear that it is a healthy product. Regular consumption of this fish helps strengthen the body and increase the protective functions of the immune system. Doctors note that people who add ide to their diet experience less osteoporosis and dental problems. This product helps strengthen bones and make them more resistant to injury.

The benefits of ide are manifested in its low calorie content. Boiled ide is especially useful. It retains its beneficial qualities and low calorie content. Baked fish also has dietary qualities. Ide is loved by many nutritionists, who recommend adding it to the diet for weight loss. The benefits of ide are considered very significant for heart patients and those who have problems with blood vessels. It is useful to eat this type of fish for stomach ulcers and gastritis. Nutritionists believe that ide soup is an excellent product for stimulating digestion. They recommend its use to anyone who has ever experienced intestinal stagnation. This dish helps increase the amount of pancreatic enzymes and gastric juice produced. For the same reason, it is useful to eat such ear for patients with gastritis or ulcers.

Who can I confuse with?

Ide can also be confused with other varieties of fish, since it is similar in appearance to:

• chub , from which it differs only in its light back, narrow head, thick body and small scales;
• roach , from which it differs in yellowish eyes and small scales, and the back of the roach is lighter than that of the ide.

Ide is a fish that is resistant to temperature changes and can be caught all year round. Meat has a number of beneficial properties for the body. You can catch ide with a large number of baits, with almost any fishing rod, so many fishermen prefer fishing, hunting specifically for ide. And the taste of the meat is simply excellent; it is served in many cafes and restaurants.

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Description

A fairly well-known, widespread large freshwater fish, which has some commercial significance and is also the object of recreational fishing. Young individuals of ide are usually called roaches.

External signs

The ide has a moderately elongated, somewhat tall, and at the same time noticeably thickened body. The head is small, with a convex forehead. The number of scales in the lateral line is from 55 to 63. The caudal and anal fins are notched. The mouth is small, terminal, directed obliquely upward, its apex located below the middle of the eye. Gill rakers are shortened, sparse, their number is from 10 to 13.

Quite recognizable, however, sometimes it can be confused with other fish of the carp family, especially young individuals.

Coloring

The scales of the ide are silvery-shiny and have a slight golden tint; the same shade is clearly visible on the gill covers. The back is dark, with a bluish tint - the dorsal and caudal fins have approximately the same color. The sides of the fish are noticeably lighter; the color of the scales on the belly is white-silver. In adult ides, the anal and pelvic fins are bright red with a crimson tint; in juveniles, which are lighter in color, they are somewhat paler. There may also be a reddish tint in the color of the remaining fins. The iris of the eye is yellow, with a slight greenish tint, darker in the upper part.

During spawning, the color of the ides becomes noticeably brighter, and the shine of the scales becomes more intense. In the sun's rays, its color shimmers from silver to golden.

External gender differences

Outwardly, it is quite difficult to distinguish between male and female ide, although there is evidence that the latter, unlike the former, are less brightly colored. During the spawning period, determining the sex of the fish is much easier, since the heads of males are covered with epithelial tubercles.

Dimensions, weight

Most often you come across individuals ranging from 30 centimeters to half a meter in length, weighing from half a kilo to one and a half kilograms. Large ides - from two kilograms or more - are much less common. The maximum weight that an ide can reach is 8 kg with a length of almost a meter. The maximum age that ides reach in nature is 15-20 years.

Similar fish species

The ide is somewhat reminiscent of the chub, from which it differs in a taller body, noticeably smaller scales, a slightly smaller head and a narrower mouth slit, as well as a concave edge of the anal fin.

Small roaches are similar in appearance to common roaches; their main difference from the latter is the yellow iris of the eye (in roaches it is usually orange-red). In addition, in roach the anterior edge of the dorsal fin is located almost in line with the anterior edge of the ventral fins; in ide, the dorsal fin is noticeably shifted closer to the tail.

Also, ide has more scales in the lateral line than chub and roach.

Ecological forms and subspecies

In different bodies of water, ide can form slight variations in color and body shape. Fish that live in rivers are slimmer and lighter than lake ides, and they also differ somewhat in behavior. A separate subspecies, the Turkestan ide, lives in the Aral Sea basin.

In past centuries, selective breeding resulted in the development of a domestic breed of ide, the Golden Orpha.

Anatomical features

The pharyngeal teeth of the ide are double-rowed, arranged according to the formula 5.3 - 3.5, and in appearance they somewhat resemble the pharyngeal teeth of the asp. The number of vertebrae varies from 44 to 46.