What does a spinning reel consist of?
Structure (design) of a spinning reel: body (1), reel seat leg (2), drive (3), rotor (4), friction brake (5), reverse switch (6), rod for attaching the spool (7 ), line guide: bow (8) and roller (9); gear (10), cover (11).
Spinning reels: the best of the best
When choosing such reels, every person wants to purchase a high-quality and durable part. But what are the best spinning reels? A true criterion for quality will be products from renowned manufacturers, for example:
- Shimano company;
- Daiwa company;
- Ryobi company.
Here are some popular models from the listed manufacturers:
- Shimano Exage - good value for money;
- Shimano Catana is an affordable model, the quality of which fully corresponds to the brand;
- Shimano Shimano Twin Power - high quality at a high price;
- Shimano Ultegra - high quality at a more affordable price;
- Daiwa Regal - good quality at an affordable price;
- Daiwa Exceler is a multi-size device whose quality has been proven over the years;
- Daiwa Crossfire is the most budget model, but not at the expense of quality;
- Daiwa Certate is the most expensive device, the quality of which fully justifies the cost;
- Ryobi Ecusima - lesser known, but no less quality.
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The principle of operation of a spinning reel
During casting, retrieving and retrieving, the spool does not rotate.
Instead, it moves back and forth, and the line guide rotates around it, ensuring an even winding of the line. Let's consider the moment of casting in more detail . The bait is cast, the line passes through the side of the spool, excluding its excessive discharge, the line guide is moved to the side so as not to interfere with the free flow of the line. When the line handle is turned, the line ends up on a roller that winds it onto the spool.
How to choose a spinning reel
When choosing a spinning reel, experienced fishermen recommend paying attention to several parameters:
- smooth ride. This indicator affects the sensitivity of the bait and the uniform winding of the fishing line onto the spool;
- spool size. On all reels you can see different numbers. If the number 100 is stamped on the reel, then the optimal thickness of the fishing line is 0.1 mm and the length is up to 100 meters;
- line handle. It allows you to release and stop the fishing line;
- clutch Regardless of whether it is front or back, it is designed to maintain the integrity of the line during retrieval by releasing it. Experienced fishermen know that the front clutch is more reliable than the rear clutch;
- weight. It is desirable that the weight of the reel be as light as possible, but the quality of the internal parts should not suffer;
- pen. There are no strict instructions regarding this part; it can be screwed in or secured with a screw or rivets. But when choosing a screw-in handle, give preference to larger threads, which are more resistant to breakage.
Mechanism and speed of rotation of the rotor in the BC
The rotary mechanism includes a main pair and a spool feeding device. The rotor has a wheel that drives a gear on the main shaft. It starts to rotate due to the rotation of the handle. It is mounted in a hole with 4 edges located on the shaft. The main pair is the gearbox, it has a specific gear ratio.
The speed at which the rotor rotates depends on the gear ratio of the drive and how fast the handle rotates. According to the gear ratio, BCs for spinning rods are classified as follows:
- Power (the coil makes one revolution, and the rotor makes from 3.2 to 4.3 revolutions during this time) for trolling, suitable for slow retrieving.
- Universal (from 4.5 to 6.1 turns). Any wiring pace.
- High-speed ones (from 6.2 to 7.2) for twitching and jigging.
Advantages of spinning reels
A device for storing fishing line, facilitating its easy release without tangling, is widely used. The mechanism becomes an integral part of the fisherman’s property due to the advantages:
How to choose the right one
When purchasing a spinning reel model, pay attention to the strength of the roller and the presence of a bearing in it. When purchasing a device, all related factors are taken into account, the purpose of the purchase and the preferred method of fishing are determined. The choice is made according to the following criteria:
The most powerful spinning baits for freshwater fishing are carp models. A high-torque mechanism, a voluminous spool, a relatively heavy body - all this is due to the need to cast a massive feeder long distances, as well as the fact that carp is a very large and powerful fish. Despite its “peaceful” nature, catching it is not easy.
The rotor is a very important part in the structure of the reel. It is the rotor that places the line on the spool. Manufacturers compete with each other to improve this mechanism, trying to make its operation as smooth as possible, without failures and unnecessary vibrations. Nearby is a line laying system, which consists of a bow and a roller. The bow can be solid or hollow, and the roller can be coated with titanium nitride.
If you look at the spools of some models, you may notice that they have a beveled edge. Why is this done? This way, when the line comes off, the least resistance is created, and accordingly, the casting distance increases. Spools vary in forest capacity. They can be deep or shallow, depending on how much fishing line you need to have in stock.
Of course, this is not all you need to know about the structure of this most important element of gear. Here we talked about the main points that will help a beginner navigate the endless assortment of spinning reels.
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- mm/M 0.20/240 0.25/160 0.3/110
- lb/YDS 4/355 6/225 8/175
Gear ratio and winding speed
The gear ratio tells you how many revolutions the rotor makes during a single revolution of the coil. A 5:1 gear ratio means that when the spool is turned once, 5 rotor revolutions occur.
The rewind speed shows how much line is wound onto the spool with one turn of the handle. This indicator depends on the diameter of the spool and the gear ratio. For example, the gear ratio is 5:1, the spool diameter is 0.4 cm. Rewind speed: 3.14 multiplied by 5 and 40, we get 628. For a single revolution of the reel handle, 628 millimeters of fishing line is wound onto the spool.
This calculation is approximate due to the approximate diameter: the amount of fishing line in 1 turn depends on the degree of filling of the spool.
Reels with open, closed and semi-closed spool
Open spool reels are the most common on the market. The spool and line are not closed. They are convenient and easy to use, and have less weight. Allows you to cast the lightest baits, the line comes off the spool in turns through the collar. The fishing line is wound onto the spool through a roller after the line handle is closed. The open spool allows you to cast equipment over a long distance. The disadvantage of reels with an open spool is the possibility of the line getting tangled when coming off the spool and causing loops and beards to form.
Semi-closed spool reels are designed in which the line is wound onto the spool using a winding cup with a wavy edge. This is a kind of simplified and lightweight version of a closed coil.
Gears and Parasitic Gear
The smaller the gears in the main pair, the weaker the coil. Spinning requires larger gears.
FluiDrive Gearling - the main pair gears are a gear mechanism with smooth movement.
Digital Gear Design - marking of a reel in the production of which computer technology was involved.
Haper Gear is a reel whose gear teeth are subjected to additional machining to improve grip and reduce backlash.
The parasitic gear can be shaped like a square or a circle. The square-shaped gear helps to wind the line onto the spool more evenly, including at the sides. The parasitic gear is also ellipsoidal in shape, and the carriage is connected to it by means of hinges.
Design and circuit of an inertia-free coil
It will be useful for any angler to know the basic principles of how a spinning reel works. Its mechanism is fundamentally different from the inertia and multiplier, which we wrote about in the article “How to choose an inertialess spinning reel based on various characteristics.”
The axis on which the spool is located is mounted in the direction of movement of the line. In addition, it is static both during casting and at the time of reeling, which eliminates inertial force. Let's look at the main elements of the coil.
- Frame
. Made from various metals, including aluminum, as well as plastic and other materials. It contains a large proportion of elements. At the top of the body there is a tab that is used to attach it to the fishing rod. - Bearings
. Capable of ensuring smooth operation of the entire device. Manufacturers may provide a bearing on the scaffold stacker roller to reduce friction. It is believed that the more of them, the better the meat grinder works, but the judgment is not always correct. - Gears
. The housing contains a pair of gears, or, as they are called, the main pair. This is the backbone of the mechanism, through which the torque of the handle is transmitted to the rotor. It is he who rotates the line laying machine. - Line laying machine
. As already mentioned, the mechanism is connected to a rotor located under the spool, which is connected to the line stacker bow. The latter makes rotations, winding the line around the spool, which makes reciprocating movements. - Design of the scaffolding roller
. A small but serious component that makes up a spinning reel. With its help, the roller is connected to the line layer. The period of use of monofilament or braid directly depends on its actions. - Reverse stop device
. How to use the reverse stopper of a spinning reel: it blocks the line stacker, preventing the thread from freely coming off the spool. It is made in such a way that it is still possible to pull the thread under load. This is relevant when fishing for large specimens. - Handle
. It can be quite long; when rotated, it sets the entire device in motion. It has a free-floating tip made of plastic or neoprene. - Spool
. Designed for laying scaffolding on it. It is made as a removable element, which allows you to easily replace it with another one with a line of a different section during fishing.
The design of the inertia-free coil includes a friction brake, which can be located either in front of the housing or at the rear. Prevents the spool from rotating when the line is being wound under load. If there is excessive force, for example, when hooking or playing a fish, it releases the line to avoid a rush.
The rear drag is appropriate for carp fishing or feeder fishing, since it is impossible to predict the weight of the fish that will be hooked. With this type of fishing, the form is constantly located on stands.
Spinning reel spool feeder
The movements of the bobbin feeder are reciprocating . There are 2 types of such a mechanism:
- with screw drive;
- with a rocker gear.
The rocker device includes a small gear, a parasitic gear, a carriage and guides for it, a rod for feeding the spool and its fastening. The handle rotates, the small gear also begins to rotate and transmits force to the parasitic gear, which, in turn, sets the carriage in motion.
The spool on the rod moves similarly to the carriage. This way the line is laid evenly on the spool.
For spinning, it is better to use a spinning rod with a screw spool feeder.
Screw feeder
Rotation from the main pair is transmitted to the carriage through the cam shaft of the drive gear. Most BC models are equipped with endless screws. These screws have cross threading and the groove spacing is different.
Due to the different pitch, the spool moves forward at one speed and backward at another.
This ensures high-quality laying of even very thin fishing line: its upper layer does not sink into the lower one, and the fishing line does not get tangled.
Profile types
3 geometric shapes of spool profiles are possible:
- Cylinder.
- Cone.
- Inverted (reverse) cone.
Detailed analysis of coil performance
There is a metal rod in the center of the spinning reel. Metal spacers are mounted on the rod, with the technological sides turned inward. A spool is installed between the gaskets and is attached directly to the body of the spinning reel.
The structure is compressed by gaskets made of raw cloth, coated with a layer of highly inert lubricant. When the cord is tightened and the drive shaft rotates, the gaskets are compressed. Full compression of the felt prevents the line from falling off the spool.
The multi-layer padding system stands up to large predators with confidence. To pull the prey out of the water, the fisherman has to turn the handle. Inside the reel body there is a system of small gears. Since the lever gear has 5 times more teeth than the pinion gear, a full revolution of the lever is directly proportional to 5 full revolutions of the rotor mechanism. The rotational moment of the rotor mechanism is accompanied by twisting of the fishing line with subsequent laying on the chamfer of the drive.
The moment of rotation of the gears is accompanied by the movement of a corkscrew, which activates the probe. The probe attached to the rod moves along a limited track, which activates the central rod, resulting in translational movements of the storage device with fishing line.
It is best to check the rotation of the roller with the edge of a piece of paper; it should rotate easily with light pressure. (this is one of the priority factors when choosing a copy in a store, along with the ease of operation of the main mechanism).
Rotor backstop
Another name for this device is anti-reverse .
When it is turned on, the rotor and handle cannot rotate in the reverse direction. Previously, it was believed that anti-reverse was needed only for transporting a spinning rod: the nozzle hooks onto the ring and the reel stops. It was not considered necessary to turn on the stopper while fishing. A coil like the Orion even emitted special signals, notifying that the anti-reverse was working. Only after a while did they appreciate the convenience of fishing with the stopper turned on. When cutting sharply, the left hand may miss the handle, but despite this, the cutting will be completed: the friction brake will work.
First, a reverse stopper was developed using a step principle of operation: the lever rested against the teeth of the ratchet, moving in the opposite direction. But such anti-reverse did not have an instant effect. In addition, a strong jerk led to a powerful blow to the stopper ratchet, which quickly disabled it.
The instantaneous stopper was made on the basis of a needle bearing. The load on the reel has decreased, the handle and rotor have stopped “dangling” when braking.
Both types of anti-reverse are now used. Stepped - when fishing with a thin monofilament line, instant - when fishing with a line.
Spinning reels - how to use and rating of the best models
Catching predatory fish has always been of particular interest to the fisherman due to the opportunity to prove himself in the fight against a worthy and cunning opponent. The invention of the spinning fishing method led to its improvement, one of the results of which was the invention of the inertia-free spinning reel.
The inertia-free reel has replaced its less convenient and productive predecessor - the inertial reel. He liked to give this accessory as a gift during the fishing process - a beard made from a fishing line, thereby ruining the whole fishing trip. The new invention completely solved this problem and streamlined a number of other problematic issues related to casting bait, retrieving it and landing fish.
Types of line laying on the spool
- Direct laying. This type of laying is the most popular, but it does not guarantee that the line will not come off spontaneously.
- Conical. For long casts. High probability of fishing line tangling.
- Reverse cone. For short casting distances. The likelihood of the line getting tangled is minimal.
There are 2 ways to attach the spool: hard or with a button on the lock. The second method allows you to replace the bobbin.
The spool is usually made of a metal-polymer alloy.
Spool: filling, capacity
Before securing the fishing line, the spool is removed : unscrew the screw located in front of the spool and press the button located on it (if the clutch is rear).
Next, you need to open the line guide. Place the spool on the axle and tighten the screw. There is no need to use force during installation . The latch clicks to indicate that the spool is installed.
Having closed the line layer, we proceed to winding the fishing line. For a more even winding, it is recommended to tighten the fishing line. To avoid problems during operation of the reel, at least 2 millimeters should remain from the edge of the spool to the fishing line.
The spool capacity is specified by the reel manufacturer in the user manual.
Storage and maintenance of spinning reels
To extend the life of the coil it is recommended:
- Avoid getting sand and moisture into the coil;
- protect the reel from shocks and falls;
- attach the reel tightly to the rod sufficiently so that it neither falls off nor is damaged;
- transport the reel in a durable case to avoid damage;
- loosen the friction brake of the reel during storage so that all gaskets are in a relaxed state and retain their structure longer.
Maintenance of any spinning reel should be carried out at least once a year. This will allow maintaining its operational and technical resource at the required level. If the reel is often used in unfavorable environments (sand dust, salt water, dirt, etc.), or the reel has been dropped into water, then it must be lubricated several times during the season of use.
It is best to completely replace the lubricants in the entire mechanism, and not just apply new lubricant on top of the old one. It is no secret that most reservoirs contain a fairly large number of various abrasive elements, which, when they get inside the mechanism of the spinning reel, remain on the surface of the lubricated parts.
Handle
The handle sets the rotational movement of the mechanism. Many BCs have a handle folding system that is activated after pressing a button, as well as a screw device for changing the position of the handle.
There are models without a push-button system. You can fold and rearrange the handle using a screw mechanism.
To do this, the screw is loosened, the handle is set in the desired position, and the screw is tightened again, fixing this position.
To rearrange the handle in this case, the screw is unscrewed, removed, the handle is moved to the opposite side of the reel body, the screw is screwed into the hole until it stops.
High-speed reels are equipped with a double handle. They may have one handle, but supplemented with a compensator that prevents vibrations due to unbalanced handles.
Adjusting the brake mechanism
When the load on the line is maximum (at the moment of pulling the prey, a strong jerk), a brake is used .
Its adjustment can be either front or rear. The brake is a wing located on the spool, or a handle. You can operate the braking system using flag or slide switches.
To adjust the friction, the fishing line is threaded into the rings of the spinning rod, passing through the line guide. We secure its end and turn on the reverse stop.
The angle of installation of the rod is 45 degrees . The brake activation threshold is set with an adjusting screw. When the limit is reached, the regulator is turned 1/4th of a turn in the opposite direction.
Be careful: if you apply too much force when adjusting the clutch, the reel or spinning rod can be broken.
Care and precautions
- The line should not come into contact with the rotating parts of the reel.
- When leaving the coil to be stored until next use, you need to make sure that it is dry.
- Every year it is recommended to open the reel body and lubricate its mechanism with a special lubricant.
- The reel should be used according to the instructions, otherwise if it breaks down you will have to rely on your own efforts: the warranty does not cover damage caused by incorrect use of the reel.
- After use, the reel should be wiped with alcohol (open areas) and the line roller should be lubricated with lubricant.
There are a lot of parts in a spinning reel. “Inertialess”, because there is no inertia on the drum when casting, the position of the spool in the reel is fixed. This is a complex device. If you take care of it and take precautions, the BC will last for many years. If it is working properly, it is not recommended to disassemble the coil more than once a year. With knowledge of how a spinning reel works, no breakdown will take you by surprise!
For information on the prevention of spinning reels, watch the video. Enjoy watching!
Marking of spinning reels.
Each reel is manufactured with certain parameters and functions. The manufacturer applies special markings to the product so that you can quickly understand the main capabilities of the reel. So, let's highlight the most important markings:
This marking is perhaps the most noticeable and eye-catching. It designates the capacity of the spool for fishing line or cord and usually consists of a multiple of 500 or 1000.
- mm/M 0.20/240 0.25/160 0.3/110
- lb/YDS 4/355 6/225 8/175
It’s more clear here: you can wind 240 meters of 0.2 fishing line on a reel, etc. The bottom marking is expressed in lb (pounds) - breaking strength (1 pound = 453.6 grams) and in yd (yards) - length (1 yard = 91.4 centimeters).
Gear ratio - gear ratio (PR).
This marking indicates the number of times the line guide rotates around the spool per revolution of the reel handle. Those. it characterizes the speed of winding the line onto the spool and is determined by the digital proportion.
Ball bearings — number of bearings.
Free-wheeling reels use both plain and antifriction bearings. They are responsible for the quality of movement of the line guide and the handle.
You can also notice that the more bearings there are in the main components of the reel, the easier it is for the mechanisms to transfer loads. But the most important thing is the quality of the bearings. After all, their wear leads to increased backlash, misalignment and jamming of the gear pair. Provided that the quality of the bearings is at a high level, we can assume that 4 of them are sufficient: 2 along the axis of the handle, 1 in the rotor head and 1 in the line roller.
These are the main markings that will help the fisherman choose a reel suitable for a particular type of fishing. Now let's move on to classification.
- cylindrical;
- reverse cone;
- straight cone.
1. Correct spinning reel size. All models of spinning reels have their own classification and are divided by spool volume:
- 1000;
- 1500;
- 2000;
- 3000;
- 4000, etc.
For example, a spool with a size of 2000 tells us that it holds 100 meters of fishing line with a diameter of 0.2 mm. A reel with a spool, the volume of which is 1000, holds 100 meters of 0.1 fishing line. At the beginning of the guide, we gave advice to look towards 1500-2500, no more.
2. A spinning reel should lay the line very evenly on the spool. There are 3 types of winding:
- cylindrical;
- reverse cone;
- straight cone.
Regardless of what the winding cone is, the line should not lie wavy on the spool. The line from the board should be straight. In the case of cylindrical winding, this line will be straight and parallel to the bobbin; in the case of reverse or straight cones, the line will also be straight, but at a slight angle to the bobbin.
Such a spool does not allow the braid to fly off the reel too much due to inertia, which prevents tangling.
The casting reel has a spool with a small margin for winding line, this allows you to make long casts and wind the line evenly
3. For beginners, a casting spinning reel is best suited. It differs from the usual one in that its spool has a very small reserve for winding fishing line, but this reserve is quite enough to wind 70-80 meters of fishing line. The advantage is more uniform winding.
Do not wind the line onto the reel to the very edges (to avoid beards and tangles), especially if you are using rigid monofilament or soft braid. An exception can be made for very soft monofilament fishing line and hard braid. Although it is still advisable to leave 1 mm from the edge of the side, and with experience you will understand whether it is possible to increase the amount of fishing line on the spool to the very edges, or whether this should not be done.
4. The reel should move easily. It should not crunch, the parts should not touch each other. The more the reel rotates after a short jerk of the reel handle, the better.
6. The number of ball bearings in the reel is not critical. Yes, this is indeed true, but under one condition, if there are at least 4 ball bearings, all the rest are secondary ball bearings and this quantity does not affect the elite quality of the product in any way. Now even the worst Chinese spinning reels can have up to 10-12 ball bearings.
The line roller must rotate, otherwise sooner or later it will begin to wear out and spoil the line. Its design must have a ball bearing
7. Choose branded reels. Even Shimano and Daiwa have reels in an affordable price range for almost any angler, and they will last much longer than any Chinese product.
8. Friction brake. It is difficult to find a spinning reel that does not have a friction brake. But this part of the coil is made in different coils of two types:
- front friction brake (on the front of the spool there is a relief notch or other relief notches, by which this round clutch can be rotated in one direction or the other);
- rear clutch (there is a handle at the back of the reel; by turning the handle you can loosen it and vice versa make the clutch tighter).
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The rear friction brake has a more complex mechanism, makes the reel heavier and, in general, reels with such a brake are larger, and it is also considered less sensitive than the front one. But in contrast to the disadvantages, it also has advantages: when playing fish, it is much easier to adjust, unlike the front clutch, and the spool of the reel, which has a clutch at the back, is easily changed and replaced with another spool (for example, with a different type of fishing line) .
The front drag is more sensitive, the reel weighs less, but adjusting the drag while fishing is more difficult than using the rear brake. And yet, we will give preference to the front clutch, it makes the tackle lighter and is sensitive.
There are as many as 3 washers for adjusting the line winding cone; if there are no washers, this is a minus
A reel with a good friction brake should not release line jerkily. If you pull the line from the spool with a uniform movement of your hand, then the clutch should evenly release the line.
9. Check the presence of a rubber gasket (washer) on the spool axle. A larger number of such gaskets may be included with the reel, for example 3, as in the figure on the right. Their direct purpose is to regulate the winding of the fishing line on the reel. By inserting and removing such washers, you can adjust the winding of the fishing line with a reverse and forward cone.
10. The line roller of the spinning reel must rotate. Otherwise, especially if you use a braided fishing line, it will wear out, a slot will appear, the fishing line will go into it, get dirty, and one day it will just get stuck there and the reel will have to be changed.
The design of this roller must have a ball bearing.
11. Ignore the gear ratio on the reel. This is the number of spool revolutions that the reel will make during one revolution of the handle. If you are a beginner, but this indicator is not important to you yet. Advanced fishermen already have an idea of whether they need a faster reel stroke than they have, or whether the existing one is enough. Without experience, you will not be able to determine the correct gear ratio for your fishing technique.
12. You need to choose a reel for your spinning rod. If it is an ultralight, then take a smaller coil (up to 1500). If jig, then 3000. Pay attention to the weight of the reel when comparing it with your spinning rod.
How to choose a spinning rod - a guide to one of the most multifunctional lines of spinning rods, jig tackle, will tell you.
Guide to choosing telescopic spinning rods - test, length, action and other important parameters.
Ultralight reels - a guide to choosing ultralight spinning tackle.
The screw device of the line accumulator is based on a transmission pair, the operating instructions are as follows: the interaxial rotation of the main pair drives the “carriage” through the cam cardan of the drive gears. Modern models of inertia-free reels are equipped with endless cycle screws; thanks to the threaded cross-threading at the output, the structure receives a groove pitch of different sizes. As a result, the unwinding of the drive occurs at a fast speed, while the laying of the fishing line is slower.
