For many, fishing is not just a hobby or hobby, but the meaning of life. People are ready to get up before sunrise, sit in the terrible frost above the hole and wait for hours for the long-awaited bite.
When going to sea, such fishermen simply cannot help but take fishing gear with them. Relaxing, sunbathing and swimming are certainly important, but for a fisherman, a trip to the sea is a real challenge!
red mullet
Photo: Roberto Pillon
This fish is a commercial species. Its body length ranges from 20 to 40 cm. A notable feature of red mullets is the antennae on their lower jaw. With their help, they “feel” the surface of the seabed in search of animal food. Red mullet eat small benthic invertebrates.
These fish are red-pink in color, but the color may change over time. Immediately after being caught, the red mullet turns red, but then becomes paler. The fish is known by its second name - the common sultana. Red mullet is considered a delicacy. They were especially valued in Antiquity. It is believed that in Rome they gave as much silver for a red mullet as the fish weighs.
Goby
Photo: viridiflavus / Wikimedia Commons
Lives in coastal waters near the bottom. Most species of gobies have a body covered with scales. These fish got their name because of their heads. It is very wide, and the eyes are set very close to each other. Gobies have two fins on their backs, and a special suction cup on their belly. With its help, they can attach to rocks at the bottom. This allows you to stay in your usual habitat even during a strong storm.
There are 31 species of gobies in the Black Sea. They are divided into a group of brackish fish and a group of sea gobies. The former can withstand significant fluctuations in water salinity, and therefore they are also found in freshwater rivers. They lived in the Black Sea even when it was connected to the Caspian Sea. And sea gobies began to appear in the Black Sea relatively recently; they move here from the Mediterranean Sea (previously, these two bodies of water were separated). The weight of one bull can range from 100 to 200 grams.
Greenfinch
This fish got its name from its green scales, which, however, have brown spots. The greenfinch is also called a wrasse, as it has a special shape of lips - they are strongly protruded forward. The length of the fish can range from 10 to 44 cm. From a fishing point of view, the wrasse is not of great importance.
The greenfinch feeds on mollusks and worms. It is noteworthy that during spawning the female lays about 50,000 eggs. Eggs are deposited in rock crevices.
Places for successful fishing
You can fish in the sea anywhere and with anything.
However, most often the maximum concentration of fishermen is found in the following places:
- From the shore . Any shore will do, preferably as quiet and deserted as possible. On the shore, it is best to use telescopic fishing rods with a length of 6 meters or more. You need to throw them at least 9 - 10 meters. This type of fishing is suitable for both beginners and more experienced fishermen. Fishing from the shore during a storm is especially interesting. Most small fish try to swim away from the shore. However, large predatory fish that can withstand the elements, on the contrary, get closer to the shallows, because a large number of shellfish and other food are thrown out here, which are very tempting for large fish. Catching big fish in a storm is very difficult, so beginners are not always lucky.
- From the cliff . It’s worth saying right away that this kind of fishing is extreme and is suitable for real professionals. You need to choose a steep cliff. It is best to have greater depth underneath. It is best to fish with a telescopic fishing rod with a heavy sinker (from 200 grams). Even large fish are often washed up on the rocks. It is very difficult to fish it out due to strong currents. Here you need to use high-quality and strong gear, as well as have a lot of experience.
- Pierce . Near each beach there is a pier where you can always see many fishermen. This is no coincidence; at the end of summer in such places there is a very good bite for medium-sized fish. The place is perfect for beginners who are just starting to master the art of fishing. It is recommended to use a spinning rod.
Blenny
Photo: Roberto Pillon
The body length of these miniature fish is about 13 cm, although in some individuals it reaches 23 cm. Blennies feed on algae. Sometimes animal food (crabs and shellfish) is also found in their stomachs, but this is a rare exception rather than the rule. The back and sides of the dog are greenish in color, but its belly is yellow.
Spawning of the blenny takes three months, from April to June. After laying the eggs, the male stands next to her for 20 days, preventing those who want to feast on this dish from getting to the eggs.
Dogfish
Let's say right away that the blenny and the dogfish are two completely different fish. The dogfish is also known as the dogfish or the common spiny shark. It is found only off the Black Sea coast. This is one of the most common sharks in the world's oceans. The length of an individual can reach 160 cm, although usually males measure 60-90 cm, and females - 75-105 cm. The body shape helps the katrans develop a very high swimming speed.
Sea dogs feed on jellyfish, mackerel, shrimp, salmon and other sea inhabitants. In turn, katrans are lunch for other sharks, dolphins and even seagulls, which can catch a young shark and throw it onto the rocks, after which they begin to eat the dead fish. Katrans are not dangerous for humans.
It is worth noting that spiny sharks reproduce not through spawning, but through ovoviviparity. This means that the egg develops inside the female, where the young hatch and then come out.
Fishing from the shore on the Black Sea
Fishing from the shore is considered one of the simplest, since you can use any, even the cheapest, gear with one hook. The only condition: it must withstand the pressure that occurs during casting.
Fishing from the Black Sea coast is tempting for every man, because each of its areas has some peculiarity. This quality makes fishing productive.
You might be interested in reading about fishing on the Don.
Gurnard
Photo: Ecomare/Sytske Dijksen
This fish is distinguished by special fins that stick out from it, like the wings of a bird or insect. The average body length is 50-60 cm, although there are individuals with a size of 1 m. The weight of one rooster reaches 5.5 kg.
Oddly enough, the gurnard can fly a little! It can jump out of the water with enormous force, after which, using its wings, it can fly over the water for about 20 m. In this case, the flight takes about 3 seconds, and the speed of the fish is 40 km/h.
It is important that you cannot catch sea rooster, because it is listed in the Red Book. Its meat tastes very similar to chicken and is considered a delicacy. The gurnard itself feeds on red mullet, crabs and shellfish.
Fishing in the sea, with what gear?
Before going fishing, the first thing every man thinks about is what he will fish with.
There is a small list of gear that can be used at sea:
- Spinning;
- Float rod;
- Telescopic fishing rod;
- Petty tyrant;
- Donka.
You should choose your gear carefully, as this is the main attribute on which the quality of fishing depends. First of all, you should pay attention to such an important parameter as power and strength.
You need to carefully read the instructions; there should be a column indicating that the fishing rod is resistant to gusts of wind and water fluctuations. Even the most powerful rod should feel light.
Needlefish
These fish really have a specific shape. She is very thin, like a snake or a needle, and her nose is very pointed. Pipefish have neither scales nor fins. Only on the tail does it have a small outgrowth that looks like a tassel. An adult individual manages to grow up to 17-19 cm, and its weight can be 700 grams.
The back of the pipefish is usually darker than the belly. Stripes can be seen on the body.
This fish feeds on plankton, but sometimes small crustaceans appear in its diet. The needlefish is not very fast, so it spends most of its life in underwater thickets, where it can easily hide from predators.
The spawning of needlefish is interesting. Females lay eggs in a special cavity (brood chamber), which is located in the tail of the male. In this case, a male can accept eggs from several females at once. After the hatchlings develop, the chamber is separated from the male and destroyed, and the small pipefish emerge.
Sea Horse
Photo: FASTILY / Wikimedia Commons
The shape of the seahorse resembles a “knight” chess piece, which is why the fish got its name. In the Black Sea there are several species of seahorses, whose sizes range from 2 to 30 cm. The shape of the skates does not allow them to move quickly in the water, but they do not need it. With the help of their tail, they attach to plants, after which they change color, merging with them. This allows you to protect yourself from predators.
At the same time, seahorses themselves are predators. They feed on shrimp and crustaceans. Skates simply use their pipette-like mouth to suck in water when prey swims near them.
Seahorses are distant relatives of pipefish and therefore reproduce in a similar way. The female lays eggs in the male's body. This fish is considered a special delicacy, although many species are listed in the Red Book. In some high-end restaurants, a seahorse dish costs $800.
Fishes of the Black Sea
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Fishes of the Black Sea
The fauna of the Black Sea is diverse and unusual. Their total number is quite large. Many of the species are listed in the Red Book. There are also those that are of great importance in fishing. Some live here permanently, or come here seasonally.
The fish fauna in the Black Sea is quite poor. This is due to the fact that only 200 meters of the water surface is saturated with oxygen. At depth there is a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide, so the most persistent and unpretentious species adapt.
- Dangerous fish of the Black Sea
Dangerous fish of the Black Sea
Experts reassure tourists: The Black Sea is not the Pacific Ocean, there are no white sharks or giant squids here, swim calmly. However, besides them, there is a fish, an encounter with which really does not bode well for unlucky swimmers.
- Black Sea flounder
Black Sea flounder
Belongs to the flounder family. The fish is easily recognizable due to its original appearance; the Black Sea flounder has a second name - kalkan.
- Black Sea mackerel
Black Sea mackerel
Cans of it can often be seen on the shelves of shops and supermarkets, and mackerel is also sold in its entirety. Fish goes great with potatoes and bread. This fish is found in the Black Sea region, where fishing for mackerel can bring a lot of pleasant emotions to ordinary amateurs.
- Black Sea Herring
Black Sea Herring
This fish is popular in many countries around the world. Herring or herring, which is seen on store shelves, in jars. It is also found in the Black Sea region. The fish belongs to the Herring family.
- Black Sea garfish
Black Sea garfish
It is also called sea pike or godwit, others call it needle, and locals call it snout. Sargan is a schooling fish and belongs to the garfish family. We recognize it by its elongated, arrow-like body.
- Fish Pelamida
Fish Pelamida
This is a type of fish that can be caught in abundance in the Black Sea and other places. According to its way of life, it is a predatory fish, lives in schools. In its shape, bonito is most similar to a reduced tuna; it is also similar to it in its endurance - it is able to swim quickly for a long time.
- Rooster fish
Rooster fish
This is the name of a family of fish belonging to the order Perciformes. They are found in different places of the Black Sea region. Individuals are distinguished by a fusiform body, completely covered with scales, less often with plates.
- Sea ruff
Sea ruff
It is also called the Black Sea scorpionfish. And outwardly it fully corresponds to the terrible name - a real miracle Yudo fish-whale from a fairy tale: a large head with growths, horns, bulging eyes, a large mouth under them.
- Blenny
Blenny
This is a species of fish that is also found in the waters of the Black Sea. Small, up to 4 cm in length. It belongs to schooling fish and in each school there are a lot of individuals. Blenny feel calm, both in shallow water and 20m deep.
- Sea bass
Sea bass
This is one of the many species of fish that can be found in the seas of the Krasnodar region, and not only there. Fishermen know perch very well, what it looks like and what it tastes like (which is also important). Scientists classify it as a member of the scorpionfish family (it also includes the sea ruffe), these are marine fish found in salt water.
- Astrologer
Astrologer
This is a fish, it is also called the Sea Dragon, since this subspecies belongs to the dragon fish family. Its other name is sea cow. However, do not be deceived by its peaceful nickname - the stargazer is one of the five most dangerous fish in the entire Black Sea basin.
- bluefish
bluefish
One of the species of Black Sea fish, found in abundance in the Krasnodar region. Anglers know bluefish well, both by sight and taste.
- Anchovy fish
Anchovy fish
Hamsa fish lives mainly in the Azov and Black Seas, but is also found in the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. It is of great importance in fishing. Lives for about four years, breeds once a year.
- Black Sea mullet
Black Sea mullet
Black Sea mullet - out of fifty species in the whole world, we have the only species. Its length is 10-12 centimeters, in the Sultanka it is over thirty. The head is high, raised upward with two antennae, which help in searching for food - mollusks, small crustaceans, and in juveniles - plankton.
- Scorpion fish
Scorpion fish
The scorpion fish, a poisonous fish with an unusual color, is an eye-catcher. The Black Sea ruffe pricks its offenders with sharp fin needles, but often becomes an object for fishing by fishermen.
- Marine Spikefish
Marine Spikefish
Needlefish (a representative of the Needlefish family) is an interesting species of fish that lives in the depths of the Black and Azov Seas. Has a characteristic long shape. They lead a similar lifestyle and reproduction to seahorses.
- Fish Wrasse - Greenfinch
Fish Wrasse - Greenfinch
The Black Sea cannot boast of the species richness of fish in its waters. Zelenushka is rightfully considered one of its famous and unusual inhabitants.
- Black sea gobies
Black sea gobies
In the Black Sea you can find a large number of gobies. Fishermen take advantage of the opportunity and organize fishing on them. This is a small predatory fish that lives in thickets or on sandy bottoms.
- Black Sea mackerel
Black Sea mackerel
Black Sea mackerel, gathering in flocks and leading a predatory lifestyle. It is one of the most common fish in the Black Sea. Has the correct shape. It is actively used by chefs for its delicate taste.
- Stingray stingray
Stingray stingray
In the Black Sea near Anapa there is a dangerous marine inhabitant - the stingray. The tail grows up to 70 centimeters in length and is its main weapon.
- Sturgeon in the Black Sea
Sturgeon in the Black Sea
There are 2 species of sturgeon in the Black Sea - Atlantic and Russian. This commercial fish of considerable size can live in the seas for up to 40 years.
All fish in the Black Sea can be divided into two categories: cartilaginous and bony. Mostly bony fish live here; there are only four types of cartilaginous fish. These include stingrays, stingrays, catsharks and spiny sharks. You can find both freshwater and marine species.
Horse mackerel
The body of the fish is elongated, flattened laterally and covered with dense scales. May be large or small. Heat-loving fish leading an active lifestyle from May to September. Moves to warm places for the winter. It is of great industrial importance.
Barabulya
A fish 20 cm long, with an elongated body and long scales. The mustache is clearly visible on the chin. The breeding season is from July to September. In mid-autumn it migrates south.
Greenfinch
The color is gray-green or green. Body length no more than 12 cm. Has no industrial significance.
Sea crucian carp
A medium-sized fish that chooses algal areas near the coastal zone. Feeds on small invertebrates. They catch shrimp using a fishing rod.
sea swallow
The fish got its name from its carved tail fin. The color is black-violet, slightly blue near the eyes. They live in coastal areas near rocks. The number of fish is affected by the purity of the water in which they live.
Pipefish
A long fish that camouflages itself well among algae. Has no industrial significance. Moves with the help of small fins.
Sea Horse
A very unusual fish, slow by nature. Hides from predators in algae, masquerading as their appearance. Listed in the Red Book.
Blenny
Fish that can be out of water for a long time. Due to its slippery body, it moves along the shore to the sea. Lives near the shore on rocks. It feeds on small crustaceans and shrimp.
Goby
There are about 20 species of these fish in the Black Sea. The goby has practically no scales. It stays on the rocks by means of a suction cup formed as a result of the fusion of the two lower fins.
Stellate sturgeon
Predatory fish of the sturgeon family. Has a long curved snout. It can reach a length of 2 meters and weigh about 30 kg. A rare protected species, despite its excellent taste, fishing for it is not recommended.
These are not all types of fish living in the Black Sea. The fauna is varied and interesting. Ichthyologists are constantly studying the migration patterns of certain fish.
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Horse mackerel
The body length of these fish can range from 22 to 80 cm. They feed on plankton and some small vertebrates that live on the seabed. The mass of an individual is usually 300 grams.
Horse mackerel leads a gregarious lifestyle, so it is convenient to catch it on an industrial scale. Fish is used in the food industry to make appetizers and snacks, as well as canned food. Its meat does not have small bones, but it contains a lot of vitamins and beneficial microelements. Not only people, but also dolphins love to feast on horse mackerel.
Anchovy
The second name of this commercial fish is European anchovy. The length of an adult does not exceed 20 cm. The anchovy's belly is white, and its back is green. Anchovy move in large schools at a depth of 40-70 m. Moreover, such schools are accompanied by dolphins, who happily snack on this fish.
The Azov and Black Sea anchovy are distinguished separately. The first is smaller, and it spends the summer in the Sea of Azov. Spawning and growth of fry take place here. Then the schools move to the Black Sea for the winter, and one of the largest wintering pits is located near Novorossiysk.
Fishing on the Black Sea from the shore with a spinning rod
Particular attention should be paid to such an item as fishing with a spinning rod within the coast. First of all, it’s worth figuring out why you need to do this? Often, while fishing, it becomes necessary to hook fish in order to get it out of the reservoir.
This is best done with the help of special equipment - a spinning rod, since it is quite long and has a high degree of strength and stability. Spinning rods are not afraid of such phenomena as rust.
However, there are some restrictions - it can be used to hook fish whose weight does not exceed 5 kilograms .
What are the best sea baits for fishing from the shore?
Experienced fishermen identify several baits to which fish respond well near the shore:
- Small fish, also called feed fish;
- Mussels;
- Shrimp, it is better if they are peeled;
- Sea worms;
- Twisters.
It is worth considering that the bait will only be effective if it is fresh.
Sea bass
Although outwardly sea perches are similar to river perches, in fact these two fish belong not only to different species, but even to different orders of fish. Fishermen call perch beaver or redhead. Indeed, it has a bright orange color. The fins of sea bass contain poisonous glands that look like needles. In case of an injection, a person experiences a slight but painful inflammation.
Sea bass is very voracious. It feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, plankton and many other marine life. Moreover, cases of cannibalism have been reported. Sometimes a perch can even eat the eggs that it itself laid! Another feature of perch is that initially they are all born female, but after about two years they begin to change their sex to male.
Mackerel
This fish has a thin body with an average length of about 30 cm, although scientists have been able to find specimens up to 64 cm in size. Mackerel feeds on plankton, although adult individuals can add squid and other fish to their diet.
Mackerel is valued in fishing, as its meat contains 16.5% fat, as well as vitamin B12. At the same time, it is tasty and does not have small bones.
Tyrant for fishing the Black Sea
Samodur, a fairly popular type of fishing gear on the shores of the Black Sea. Very often it is tyrants who rent out near the shores to those who like to fish.
Fishing for a tyrant is not as simple an activity as many may think. Mackerel, horse mackerel and herring are most often caught using the tyrant. However, the fishing tool is universal and you can catch anything.
You need to know several features of tyrant fishing in the sea:
- It is necessary to use a sinker of at least 50 grams in shallow water, 150 - 200 in deep water.
- Be sure to have a strong fishing line with a thickness of at least 0.4 mm.
- You can use different hooks, but it is also recommended to take strong ones and not the smallest ones.
About fishing in the Black Sea with a tyrant
Let's look at several features of fishing with tyrants in the sea:
- The use of bait is highly recommended . You shouldn’t listen to the “masters” who fish with bare hooks. Yes, you can catch it without bait, but the chance decreases significantly.
- The best option for fishing with a tyrant at great depths (up to 50 meters). Minimum depth 3 -5 meters.
- Use special tactics for catching.
I especially want to talk about the last point.
Let's look at some of the simplest tactics for catching tyrants:
- Fishing from the bottom. We lower the line until the sinker reaches the bottom. Next, a sharp jerk up about 1 meter (cutting), then we lower it again. It is necessary to repeat sweeps every 10-15 seconds.
- Fishing in the water column. This method requires a depth of approximately 8 meters. We release the line until the sinker is at a distance of 2 - 3 meters from the bottom. Next, we hook every 10-15 seconds, as when fishing from the bottom.
- The easiest way is to use a tyrant as a spinning rod. We release the line until the sinker is at the bottom. After this, we reel in the line at medium speed, as when fishing with a spinning rod.
Beluga
The largest fish in the Black Sea basin is the beluga. The weight of one specimen can be 1500 kg, and the length of an individual reaches 4.2 m. The beluga lives in the north-west of the Black Sea, and during spawning the fish rises along the flow of freshwater rivers, in particular the Dnieper. In the past, there have been cases where Black Sea belugas were caught by fishermen in Kyiv or even in Gomel. Today, fish physically cannot swim in the Dnieper further than the Kakhovka hydroelectric station.
The population of the Black Sea beluga is almost on the verge of destruction. To save the beluga, it is specially bred in captivity and then released into the sea. Since 2000, beluga fishing has been prohibited in Russia. It is important to note that beluga is a sturgeon. She lays black caviar, which is a particularly expensive delicacy.
Features of sea fishing
Sea fishing differs in a number of conditions from fishing in fresh water bodies. Fish in the sea are quite shy, rarely swim close to the shore, and most of them are found at depth due to the scorching sun.
Let's look at a number of distinctive features of sea fishing that every fisherman needs to know and take into account:
- Fishing should be more intensive . It is necessary to cast the fishing rod more often, and also do it as far as possible. It is very important to be able to make the correct casts.
- Only hard rods should be used . Constant currents and surf, strong gusts of wind can simply render the gear unusable. You are unlikely to get a big catch with cheap fishing rods. The higher the quality of gear and preparation for harsh conditions, the higher the chance of a good catch.
- Poor bite in hot weather . In fresh water bodies the depth is shallow and the fish cannot sink to the bottom and hide from the heat. At sea, things are different; in the hot season, all the fish swim further from the shore and sink to depth, so fishing from the shore most often does not bring good results.
- Strong resistance when fishing . Catching a fish on a hook does not mean holding it in your hands, every fisherman knows this. In the sea, catching fish is much more difficult; most often people try to catch large fish, which complicates the task. It is also very important to remember about the strong current that must be resisted.
- Schooling habitat of fish . In the sea, fish most often gather in schools (shoals). Experienced sea fishermen use this, but with beginners it can play a cruel joke. If the bite goes well, it means the fisherman has found a school of fish. It is necessary to take advantage of the moment and cast the fishing rod in the same place, and also learn to understand where the school is moving.
- Time of day , as well as seasons. It is best to fish in the sea in the evening, at night and early in the morning, when the temperature is not yet very high. The best time for fishing begins in August and continues until October. But professionals say that with proper dexterity and skill, fishing can be practiced all year round.
- Weather . The best time for fishing is calm weather and complete calm. At such moments, the fish is not afraid that it may be thrown ashore and swim as close as possible to the strand.
European stargazer
Photo: Roberto Pillon
The eyes of this fish are located at the top of its head, which gives the impression that it is constantly looking up and counting the stars. The body size is 20-35 cm. It is brown in color.
Stargazer is a fish that poses a danger to lovers of Black Sea resorts. She likes to burrow into the sea soil, with only her eyes visible. Therefore, it is easy to miss it and step on it. There are several poisonous needle glands on the stargazer's body. When injected, the poison enters the bloodstream and causes severe poisoning. The victim needs to be provided with specialized medical care as soon as possible. It is also recommended not to go into the water with bare feet, but to use special rubber shoes.
Question to the expert
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What is so special about fishing from the shore?
Fishermen prefer to fish from the shore for several main reasons:
- It's always a fun activity. There is no need to buy an expensive boat. You can use a regular float rod or spinning rod. Thus, you can do what you love without special expenses;
- You can also catch a fairly large specimen near the shore, but on condition that the minimum weight of the sinker is 250 grams;
- Shore fishing is the safest form of fishing, even in bad weather.
Fishing from the shore is difficult for beginners; it is recommended to pay attention to a few tips from experts in this field.
