Sea fish: complete list, species with names and photos

Sturgeon

Sturgeon are classified as migratory fish (except for sterlet). During their life cycle they migrate to fresh waters of rivers. Representatives are relatively large, reaching a length of up to 4 meters. Sturgeon live up to 100 years (beluga), feed on animal food, sticking to bottom areas.

Main representatives:

sturgeon;
sterlet;
beluga

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They have very valuable meat, which used to be called red (due to cost). Black caviar is a valuable delicacy that enjoys worldwide fame among culinary experts. To avoid the extinction of sturgeon, fishing quotas were introduced for the states of the Caspian Sea. Commercial fish farming is becoming more important, which contributes to their conservation in their natural habitat.

The smallest sea fish

Of all marine fish, the dwarf goby has the shortest body. Its habitat is the Indo-Pacific region. It is known that the body length of females is only nine millimeters, and males are a tenth of a millimeter less.

Dwarf goby - the fish with the shortest body

The pygmy goby was also discovered quite by accident in the Shetland Islands, which became a real discovery. However, it was not so small in size - the maximum length was twenty-four millimeters. The name of the fish is Gillette's goby. This goby is considered the smallest sea fish in Europe. Due to their small size and mysterious color, which makes them easily hidden among shell fragments, it is extremely difficult to thoroughly examine this species. Today, all that is known for sure is that their habitat is the rough seabed.

cod

Codfish are a large family with more than a hundred species. The main habitat is the salty waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Main representatives:

cod;
pollock;
haddock.

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Separately, we can mention the burbot, the only freshwater representative. All codfish have common features - a disproportionate head, small scales on the body, large eyes, large openings in the gills. Only some species of the family have a fleshy baleen. The body is covered with spots of various shapes. Cod feed on animal food; depending on their size, they can consume plankton and small fish. A cod delicacy that has a significant amount of beneficial minerals is liver.

Salmonidae

Salmonidae - this family of fish cannot be completely classified as oceanic, since they have a unique feature. It lies in the fact that for spawning (reproduction), salmon are forced to migrate to fresh water bodies, and return precisely to the body of water in which they were born. During spawning, they travel enormous distances, change their color (even pink) and appearance.

The ability to adapt is another distinctive feature of this family. The meat, which is called red, has an excellent taste; caviar is no less tasty and healthy, which is why commercial interest in salmon is very high. The sizes are very variable - from a few centimeters to 2 meters. They live in the northern and middle latitudes of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, from where they migrate to fresh water bodies to breed.

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This sea fish has well-known names, and everyone can recognize it from the photo:

salmon;
coho salmon;
pink salmon;
omul;
chum salmon;
trout.

Flounder

Flounders are an interesting representative of the marine family. They live almost their entire life on the bottom of the reservoir. Evolutionarily, their eyes are located on one side, their body shape is flat, leaf-like, close to an oval. Some representatives live in shallow waters, while others have adapted to the depths. Dimensions range from a few centimeters to almost 5 meters. They live in salt water that washes all of Eurasia.

Typical representatives:

flounder;
halibut;
sole;
Kalkan.

Representatives of this family are of high commercial interest.

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Small aquarium fish

Typically, small aquarium fish live in small aquariums installed in homes, shops or offices.

Small aquarium for small fish

Here are several types of miniature aquarium fish. Brigitte's rasbora - this fish, even in the wild, does not exceed two to three centimeters. Rasbora Mera and Rasbora Spotted are just as small. The smallest of them is Rasbora Kroshka, whose length is no more than one and a half centimeters. No more than two centimeters - the size of the Rasbora Firefly fish.

See also: What is the real difference between a hippopotamus and a hippopotamus?

In miniature aquariums you can often see the dwarf Tetradon. The male grows up to two and a half centimeters. Females are slightly larger. Small Pygmy catfish live in schools in aquariums. The length of these fish is about two and a half centimeters. Another small schooling fish is Microrasbora Galactica. Its size is two and a half centimeters.

Microrasbora Galaxy - an aquarium fish measuring only 2.5 mm

The nano-aquarium was created by Anatoly Konenko, a resident of Omsk. Its volume is only two teaspoons of water. It is functional, and fish live in it. Its inhabitants are juvenile zebrafish, which are only four millimeters long.

Herrings

Herrings are schooling marine fish. They are among the most important commercial lobefin fish in the world. The fish is harvested for consumption, fishmeal and fish oil production. This fish prefers plankton for food. It lives mainly in the tropics, and in the cold northern latitudes of the Arctic and Antarctic, the most persistent fish are found.

Famous representatives:

Baltic and Pacific herring;
European sprat;
herring;
anchovy;
sprat;
European sardine.

The body of the fish is laterally compressed and silvery in color. The teeth are small or absent altogether. The back is dark in color, with one dorsal fin. The sizes are generally up to 30 cm, the largest reach 75 cm. Scientific fact – the head is without scales, which distinguishes herrings from other families. The fish is capable of throwing numerous offspring; adult individuals live in schools. A schooling lifestyle helps protect against large marine predators, including sharks, whales, and birds of prey.

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Black Sea fish listed in the Red Book

Beluga

A very large fish from the sturgeon family. Perhaps this is the largest fish capable of living in fresh water. The weight of individual individuals reaches one and a half tons. It is a predator, feeding on smaller fish. The diet also includes various shellfish.

Thorn

Large fish from the sturgeon family. The body length of an average individual is 2 meters, weight is up to 30 kilograms. Under natural conditions, it forms stable crosses and hybrids when crossed with other sturgeons. This fact is used to artificially create spines adapted to different climatic conditions.

Russian sturgeon

Fish from the sturgeon family. The main food is a variety of crustaceans and other invertebrates, mollusks and small fish. Currently, the population of Russian sturgeon in the wild is very small, but it is actively bred in numerous fish farms.

Stellate sturgeon

Large fish from the sturgeon family. Lives at depths of up to 100 meters. The maximum body length is more than two meters, and the weight is up to 80 kilograms. It is a valuable commercial fish, but in the wild the population is very small. Currently, stellate sturgeon is grown in fish factories, some of the fish are released into water bodies, and some are processed for consumption.

Perch

Perch, like salmon, live in salt and fresh waters. Distributed in the northern hemisphere: North America, Asia, Europe. Pecarins and chops, as well as sculpin perches, live in the Black and Azov Seas. Perches are distinguished by a dorsal fin consisting of two parts. The cheeks are covered with scales, the teeth stand in several rows.

Pike-perch is the name given to a marine representative of the family; it has the most impressive size among all perches. With a length of up to 70 cm, it weighs up to 4 kg. The back is dark green, the sides are striped, which is why it can be recognized even from a photo. It has a high reproductive capacity, laying up to a million eggs during spawning. Due to its fertility, it is of interest for industrial fishing.

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Mackerel

Mackerels are a predatory family of ray-finned fish that live in the ocean and are capable of quickly developing significant speeds. Dimensions range from 20 cm to 4.5 m for common tuna. A characteristic feature is a bony ring around the eyes, two dorsal fins that can be hidden in a furrow. The tail is forked, the whole body is protected by small scales, but in the back it can become bare. Tunas (the mackerel's knee) are able to maintain a body temperature higher than the ambient temperature. Large fish such as king mackerel accumulate mercury in their bodies. Children and pregnant women are not recommended to eat this meat.

Known species of marine fish:

Atlantic bonito;
Atlantic mackerel;
wahoo;
common and skipjack tuna.

Red-striped Mastacembelus (lat. Mastacembelus erythrotaenia)

family: proboscis snouts
Habitat: Thailand, Burma and Malaysia
dimensions: length from 0.5 to 1 m, height 6-8 cm

Mastacembelus redstripe or fire eel is a predatory bottom-dwelling fish that lives in slow-moving rivers and lakes with a sandy or silty bottom, densely overgrown with algae. The fish has a long body covered with small scales, large eyes and a pointed movable proboscis on the snout. Mastacembelus is dark brown in color with four fiery red or orange stripes.

This fish has gained notoriety, both among fishermen and among inexperienced aquarists. On the dorsal fin of Mastacembelus there are spines, with which the nimble fish strives to scratch anyone who tries to pick it up. The thorns themselves are not toxic, but the mucus that covers them is.

Sarganaceae

Garfish live in tropical, subtropical and temperate latitudes. There are marine and freshwater ones, up to 1.5 m in size. They are predators by nature, the main diet is crustaceans and small fish. The body is flattened laterally, the jaw is shaped like a beak. The color has a greenish or blue tint, with dark stripes on the sides. The elongated shape of the body allows this fish to develop significant speed, which poses a danger to people involved in diving, surfing, and fishermen. All garfish are edible, but are mostly used only for local consumption.

The most famous:

European garfish;
narrow-snouted tyrosur;
Atlantic saury.

Common catfish

The familiar mustachioed inhabitant of rivers and lakes can grow to gigantic sizes. The largest representative of this species, whose parameters were officially recorded, weighed 306 kg. Its body length was more than 3 m. According to unofficial data, catfish with a body length of about 5 m and a weight of about 400 kg were not uncommon in the past. Modern individuals have more modest parameters: less than 2.5 m in length and weighing up to 100 kg. Catfish are nocturnal, hunting for medium-sized fish and shellfish. Can attack birds and even domestic animals. This species is widespread in Europe and the European part of the Russian Federation.

Ray-finned fish

Ray-finned fish are one of the classes of fish that occupy a dominant position in terms of the number of families. About 95% of species of both large and small sea fish are ray-finned. Representatives of this class are found in almost every body of water. The fins, similar in structure to a feather, determined the scientific name of this class. Ray-finned animals are approximately 420 million years old.

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White fish

White fish are the most common fish in ocean waters. Most of the white fish are dietary, low in fat. This is compensated by the protein content - over 20 grams. The high content of vitamins B, A, E, D, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, zinc makes meat very healthy.

White fish differ in appearance (flat and round), belonging to families, and habitat.

Flat fish include:

flounder;
halibut;
tilapia.

Round:

hake;
pollock;
pollock;
cod;
striped bass;
burbot.

Marine fish are distinguished by their flattened shape and fairly large sizes (up to 2 meters).

White sea fish prefer salty, cold water, where they live in large quantities. All countries allow the fishing of these fish in industrial quantities. This is due to the high rate of population recovery, which makes it an indispensable source of quality food. This fish is consumed fried, dried, dried and even boiled. In addition to dietary ones, there are also fatty varieties - mackerel, herring, halibut.

red fish

Red fish is a generalized name for the delicious sturgeon fish. The popular name for salmon fish has come into use as red, which is associated with the pink and reddish hue of their meat.

Interesting fact: in the old days sturgeon were called red, which meant “valuable”.

At the moment, red fish includes the sturgeon family:

stellate sturgeon;
beluga;
sturgeon;
sterlet and others.

From salmon

With true red meat:

pink salmon;
salmon;
trout;
salmon.

With light meat:

coho salmon;
whitefish;
nelma

This classification is widespread, but some researchers are against joining salmon to red fish.

All representatives of this group are valuable for their meat. Per 100 grams of product there are 21 grams of protein, 13 grams of fat and only 1 gram of carbohydrates. In addition to the quantitative composition of nutrients, it is worth considering the quality. Omega-3, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, iodine, selenium, fluorine, arginine, leucine, valine, vitamins B, C, A, D, E, PP and other macro and microelements are needed by the body for normal functioning.

No less valuable is red and black caviar, with a high content of proteins and fats, which are easily absorbed by the body. Like meat, it has a large number of important nutritional components, established in the correct proportions. And the amount of iodine is even higher than in meat. People with kidney problems should use caviar with caution. Caviar is a rather difficult product for the digestive system, so children under 3 years of age are advised to refrain from consuming it due to the possibility of indigestion.

Fatty varieties

Fatty fish, such as halibut, mackerel, saury, herring, silver carp, burbot, and Caspian sprat, are increasingly becoming part of the human diet. This is due to the desire for rational consumption of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and nutrients, which fatty varieties contain in abundance.

A high content of omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the risk of heart and vascular diseases by reducing the amount of cholesterol in the blood. This acid is also a natural anticoagulant, reducing the risk of blood clots. Fatty fish normalizes brain function, protects joints from arthrosis, normalizes calcium levels, and increases skin elasticity. This fish should be consumed 2-3 times a week, in small portions, steamed or baked. It is best combined with tomatoes, herbs, lemons and other vegetables, which contribute to its better absorption.

What fish can be hazardous to health?

Some people believe that eating any food is healthy. They follow the principle “Everything that fits in your mouth is useful.” The most important thing for them is that they don’t need to eat much. But now this statement no longer works. It is important to know the composition of the foods we eat.

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Food can not only prevent diseases, but, on the contrary, contribute to the emergence or progression of diseases in humans!

The main health benefits of consuming fish are their protein content and extremely healthy Omega-3 fatty acids.

Not all fish can be good for human health for the following reasons:

Which one is for sale?

In stores you can find many varieties of sea fish, which are sold for every taste. It all depends on the locality and distance from the seas. It is worth noting that not all species are used for food; some are decorative species.

Thus, a cardinal is an aquarium representative of the ray-finned fish from the carp family. This species is very popular among aquarium enthusiasts. The cardinal fish has 4 breeding forms, but most often you can see individuals with a predominant red tint. Body sizes reach 4 cm, lives in cool water, temperature 14-22 degrees Celsius. The original habitat is the territory of China, from where it spread. The cardinal is sold in pet stores.

The list of outlandish species can include swordfish (swordfish), the only representative of swordwings. Body length reaches 4.5 m, body temperature can be lower than the environment. Swordfish are natural predators with a wide variety of foods. The name is derived from the highly elongated and pointed upper jaw, which has no teeth, and resembles a sword. The global catch per year reaches 100 thousand tons. The meat is tasty, without an unpleasant odor, and there are no small bones. The sword makes migrations, sometimes reaching 2 thousand kilometers per season. Large individuals can reach speeds of up to 100 km/h while hunting.

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Capelin should be called one of the beneficial foods for humans due to its high content of vitamins, iodine, and proteins. It is used to prevent heart and vascular diseases and for weight loss due to its low calorie content. The reserves of capelin in the World Ocean are large, which explains the high commercial interest. The annual catch can be up to 1 million tons. This species has a wide habitat in cold waters, which makes it relatively accessible. The fish is small in size, up to 25 cm, the back is dark, the sides and belly are silver.

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The herring king is a large ocean fish from the Guinness Book of Records

Belongs to the family of strap fish, other names: strap fish, common strap fish. This is a semi-deep-sea fish that lives only in the warm or moderately warm waters of the Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans. Included in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest bony fish living on earth in the modern world. The largest and one might even say gigantic specimen is the remnetel, whose body is 11 meters long and weighs 272 kg. A standard belt is on average 3 meters long. The herring king was first described scientifically in 1772; for this, experts took two specimens thrown from the ocean onto the shore of Glesver in 1765 and 1769.

Externally, the belt body looks like a long ribbon or belt up to 25 cm wide, while its thickness is only 5 cm. The head of the herring king is short, the mouth slit is retractable, vertical. This large ocean fish has a very long fin on its back, it starts from the head, right above the eyes and stretches to the rear end of the body. The fin has from 300 to 400 rays, 15 of which are the most elongated, forming a plume on the head. There are pectoral fins, they are short, and the abdominal fins are located above them. There are no scales on the body; it is covered with bony tubercles collected in longitudinal rows. The strap body does not have a swim bladder. The general body color is silvery-white, with a bluish tint in the head area. There are short dark stripes and spots on the sides. The fins are all bright red.

They usually swim upside down, with their body positioned almost vertically. The straps move with wave-like movements of the long dorsal fin, holding the entire body mass in the water. According to the type of nutrition, it is more of a planktivorous predator. They eat crustaceans, squids, and small fish.

Benefits for the body

All edible types of sea fish are very useful for adults and children. It contains a large amount of vitamins, macroelements and microelements. The different fat contents of the species make it suitable for any diet. It is useful for children to eat dishes made from sea fish, because it contains a significant set of amino acids, bromine, fluorine, and iodine. But it should be taken into account that such fish is more difficult for a child to digest, so the smaller the child, the more preferable river species are for him.

Suitable for children are salmon, such as trout, salmon, rich in omega-3, vitamins B, E. Hake, pollock, burbot, cod, which contain little fat and a large amount of vitamins B, A, C, PP, are no less useful. , E, D, fluorine, iron, magnesium.

Perch contains a lot of phosphorus, which contributes to the proper development and functioning of the nervous system.

Pike perch is rich in vitamins, improves brain function when taken regularly, and normalizes intestinal function. To preserve the positive qualities of fish as much as possible, you should refrain from frying in oil. A better solution would be to cook in the oven or steam.

Fish is no less useful for adults, since at any age the body needs a large amount of vitamins, amino acids, a balanced amount of proteins, fats and microelements. By improving brain function, fish meat helps fight depression and has a positive effect on reproductive function.